Hi and welcome to the forum.
The first place you will want to start is to have the full specs of your particular system handy. Everymac is the place to find that.
For
your iMac, it lists the early 2008 2.4GHz model as a 20" model. Under the Processor section, you’ll find the iMac is bundled with the Core 2 Duo E8135 Penryn CPU, which is a series that uses the “Socket P” configuration. It appears there were
four E8x35-series Penryn CPUs manufactured. CPUs have a rating called Thermal Design Power (in watts), which is the highest wattage that design of CPU can expect to handle. Generally, the number goes up with faster clock speeds, and the logic board is designed with that TDP in mind.
The limit of RAM that series can run is 6GB (4GB SO-DIMM + 2GB SO-DIMM of the same speed). The 4GB SO-DIMMs tend to be a bit pricey relative to later-generation 4GB RAM sticks.
As for the GPU, your options are very few: there is an Apple part, if you can track one down, for the 256MB ATI Radeon HD 2600XT (Apple P/N 661-4436).
For an SSD, your SATA options are plentiful.
If the CPU upgrade is doable with your logic board and you have all the upgrade gear you plan to install handy, you’ll need to plan ahead with the
iFixit DIY guides, the right tools (which iFixit outlines for each task), and consumables like 99% isopropyl alcohol, clean, lint-free cloths, and a good, non-metal thermal paste (such as Arctic Silver or Noctua). You can expect the insides to be caked with fine dust from years of use, so having a very soft brush (large makeup brushes are surprisingly good here) and a hand-squeezable blower will help you clean off all the dust on the logic board and throughout the inside (canned air can be too harsh and can damage sensitive components).
And, of course, allowing yourself plenty of space, time, patience, and breaks to go through every step carefully and thoroughly.