Another option is to put the new SSD into an enclosure
(like this) and then 1) use disc utilities to format the new SSD to APFS / 2) then install Catalina - 3) then boot from the external drive and use migration assistant to migrate all the apps and settings etc from the internal drive
this should give a perfect copy on the external SSD in the enclosure that you can easily swap with the HDD inside the MBP2012 after you test it
Always good to do a separate back up with CCC (or similar) "back up software" like Taz mentions above