I was wondering if the since the MBA's USB port has extra power running through it, if it is able to power a USB drive without a AC adapter.
only issue you might have is some 2.5" HDD cases require 2 USB Ports to power them, and cos the MBA only has 1, you'd need to use a hub, which might not pull through enough power from the port as its a non standard (as far as power output goes) USB port
If memory serves me right, the total amount of power of all the USB ports on most laptops is 500mA. Do not confuse this as each USB port having 500mA. So, depending on the # of USB ports available, the 500mA gets distributed among them accordingly.
Also, if you're plugging in an USB device that requires a substantial amount of power (ie. ext 2.5" hd), make sure you use the thicker cables. The thin ones only provide data transfer (for the most part).
only issue you might have is some 2.5" HDD cases require 2 USB Ports to power them, and cos the MBA only has 1, you'd need to use a hub, which might not pull through enough power from the port as its a non standard (as far as power output goes) USB port