I always thought FAT32 was limited to 4gb, but (apparently) there's a way to get more into it - some discussion of it
here but I haven't looked at the details.
Anyway, I've been working on a gps/mapping app for Android that stores 1tb of map data on a SD card in an inexpensive rugged Android tablet. As far as I can tell, that device requires SD cards to be formatted as FAT32, however it really can access the full 1tb of data so they must be using some sort of trick. Same thing on a cheap rugged Android phone.
The interesting thing is that it's much less efficient in storing data than APFS is on my Mac. I also have an APFS-formatted 1tb SSD with the same data on it, but if I copy 600gb of files to the FAT-32 formatted SD card with my Mac, it takes up ~800gb on the card - in other words, FAT32 uses about 33% more space (approximate numbers).
OTOH, I have an 8-track audio field recorder that requires FAT32-formatted SD cards. IIRC, it will automatically start a new file if you get close to the 4gb limit while recording.