Sorry to get in on this so late...was looking up a different stat on shure earbuds and came across this. You certainly didn't damage the earbuds, I have a pair of e3's and the audio beating they'll take is extreme. When the other people discuss spl at 1mW you have to realize that's 119 decibels of sound pressure level / per megawatt. That division symbol is important to recognize, it means that per 1000 watts your earbuds will put out 119 decibels of pressure (essentially). Which would blow your eardrums...You will never see that kind of pressure (it will also blow the earbuds). Your Ipod touch puts out a couple of watts (3-5) max, so take 3 divided by 1000 = .003 x 119 = .357spl at your ear. That may not seem like much, but your eardrum is plugged by the earphone in a tiny environment (your eardrum)...its enough to make you feel the bass. The reason they bring the rating up to 1mw is because they have to set it against the scale of current speakers on the market (those you would listen to in a room where pressure is dissipated). They use a generic rating for musical equipment.
All that information simply translates to the fact that your earphones are very good at receiving a signal and processing it into a quality sound with minimal interference.
So no the earbuds aren't damaged...The other thing is that the pressure from them will never instantly damage your ears so long as your playing it from a low power source like your ipod, even a higher power source like your computer (15 watts most) would still never do it.