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galvesribeiro

macrumors newbie
Original poster
Jun 25, 2023
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Hello Folks!

I was using a MacBook Pro M1 Max maxed out since its initial release up to macOS 13 Ventura. When on my desk, I was plugging it to a Sonnet Echo 5 Thunderbolt 4 Hub which was in turn plugged to my peripherals which are essentially a Pro Display XDR and an Audient Evo 8 interface. All those were connected using official Apple Thunderbolt Pro cables. Either the one that come with the Pro Display XDR or others that I bought straight from Apple.

That setup worked flawlessly for the last couple of years.

Couple of months ago I decided to upgrade it and go with a MacBook Air M2 maxed out for portability and at my desk I got a Mac Studio M2 Ultra also maxed out. The MacBook Air M2 works perfectly fine for my mobility needs ~and has not caused any of the issues I'm reporting here~.

I've then just plugged the Mac Studio into the thunderbolt cable from the Echo 5, plugged in the wall, and all the setup was working just fine. Soon enough, I started to missing the secondary display that the old MacBook Pro provided me. To fill that void, I got a Studio display couple of weeks after the Mac Studio with the VESA mount so I can rotate it on the side.

For a few days, it worked perfectly fine. The machine is a beast! Then, MacOS 14 Sonoma was released, and I've upgraded. Then my honeymoon with the new machine came to an end...

After a cold boot and roughly a day of work, the machine just feels like crap. It stutters like hell. The clear indicators that the "problem" is happening is that although I have very low (almost 0) CPU/memory usage, the text input just freezes. I can't write anything. Scroll on web pages still work, but when I click on links it just don't do anything until it "unfreeze". If I double tap the Magic Mouse with 2 fingers to show Mission Control, the animation freezes for a few seconds sometimes on Pro Display, sometimes on the Studio display. All those symptoms happen together when the "freeze" is happening. A series of stuttering all over the place and as I said, there is absolutely nothing consuming resources at that time. No spikes, nothing. The temperature also never went more than 40C with usual 35C while I'm working most of the time with the fans never getting to 1k RPM. The only time resources are visible high are when I'm cooking/building the game client which doesn't happen very ofter and funny enough, the issue never happened on those occasions and the system remained responsive the whole process (which used to slow down considerably my old MacBook Pro M1 Max).

Even while writing THIS post I got the stutters happening twice...

I'm a software engineer working in the games industry, so I usually have a lot of Safari tabs/windows spread across the monitor. Slack, Discord, iMessage, WhatsApp, all open usually on the secondary display and my main code editors (usually Jetbrain Rider, XCode or VSCode) on the main screen along with the game engine Editor. Even with all that open, code being built, applications being run/debugged, the resource consumption is very low (monitored both from Activity Monitor and iStats).

Here are the things I've tried over the past couple of weeks in order to try identify and isolate the potential problematic application:

1. Uninstalled and avoided using each one of the instant messaging apps individually (except iMessage which is native so I just haven't opened it) as they are all non-native apps (even tho compiled to Apple Silicon) and instead, HTML5 apps wrapped on Electron/Chromium shells, which could be a potential perf problem;
2. Replaced Safari with Edge as I've seen some reports everywhere else that Google was intentionally causing Safari to slow down and hang when you have YouTube on it;
3. Used only VSCode, then only Rider in order to isolate the developer tools I have;
4. Cleared the data and start over with MacOS (Erase settings and Data from System Preferences);
5. Cleared the whole Mac including the recovery partition using the recovery tools making it a fresh installed machine, which reverted back to Ventura. Then upgraded to Sonoma again before install anything else;
6. Made sure Desktop & Dock > Displays have separate Spaces was set to true, as per recommendation from another post I got here on Mac Rumors;
7. Remove the Echo 5 and connect both displays to the Mac Studio directly - Even tho the Echo 5 state it supports 2 Pro Displays I thought it was a good test;
8. Unrotate the Studio Display back to the default horizontal orientation - The product page clearly say the VESA mount mode support horizontal orientation and when I do rotate it physically, MacOS automatically rotate it for me. However, I'm not sure if there is any issues when having it rotate that would cause freezes on rendering, so it didn't hurt to test;
9. Reduced the Display scale. On the Pro Display XDR I always used "More Space", so I did the same with the Studio Display. However, I've seen over the web that the scaling could cause performance issues on Macs before. Not sure if it still the case Today specially with a overkill machine like M2 Ultra but, I did it a try and made the Studio Display in the default scale;
10. Ran the full hardware diagnostics from Apple on the Mac Studio with both displays connected from the recovery boot mode, no issues detected;
11. Checked with Clean My Mac if there was anything suspicious running in the background (even tho the machine was just fully reinstalled).

None of those attempts stopped the issue from happen. After the freeze, the machine works perfectly fine for a while, then the freeze happens again.

One thing to note is that I have 3 Apple cables. Two of them, came in the box with both displays which are Thunderbolt 3, and one of them, I bought the new version, which is the Apple Thunderbolt 4 Pro Cable. The fun fact is that those cables are externally the same, so I don't know anymore how to different them nor if they would make any difference in this setup/problem.

The thing is, I can't find wth happens with my system. Those stuttering and freezings are REALLY annoying. Specially for someone that spent so much money on this new setup.

Does anyone ever has anything similar or has any idea that could point out a lead on what is going on?

I'm trying to avoid going to Apple Store for support as they will require me to bring the machine and both monitors there for "diagnostics" but I'm very confident there is nothing wrong with the hardware (except the cables which I don't know if there is anything nitpicking with the cables that came with the box and the TB4 one).

Any light on this would be REALLY appreciated.

Thanks!

Update: The two monitors with the MacBook Air cause the same problem.
 
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Why are you connecting the Pro XDR display and Apple Studio Display into your TB4 hub? Connect the displays directly into your Mac Studio instead is what I would suggest. The Pro XDR display and Apple Studio Display eat alot of bandwidth if it's all on 1 TB4 port.

And did you update all the drivers (maybe it is caused by one of the devices that is connect to the TB4 that is out of date).

But here a few things I would suggest to test:
1. Only run the Mac Studio + Pro XDR + Apple Studio Display (without TB4 hub). This should work. If not, then you need to contact Apple and they might need to look at both your Mac Studio and Pro XDR.
2. Run the Mac Studio + TB4 hub only with the Pro XDR (so no other equipment). If this fails, then the TB4 is broken and might need to be replaced. So contact the manufacturer of this TB4 hub.
3. Run the Mac Studio + TB4 hub using each device 1 at a time (so you can easily know which device causes the problem).
4. Do a complete reinstall of your Mac and see if it fixes it.

But as I said, my guess is that you are overloading the TB4 port trying to run 2 high-resolution displays on the same hub. Just connect those displays to your Mac Studio directly should avoid this.
 
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Why are you connecting the Pro XDR display and Apple Studio Display into your TB4 hub? Connect the displays directly into your Mac Studio instead is what I would suggest. The Pro XDR display and Apple Studio Display eat alot of bandwidth if it's all on 1 TB4 port.

And did you update all the drivers (maybe it is caused by one of the devices that is connect to the TB4 that is out of date).

But here a few things I would suggest to test:
1. Only run the Mac Studio + Pro XDR + Apple Studio Display (without TB4 hub). This should work. If not, then you need to contact Apple and they might need to look at both your Mac Studio and Pro XDR.
2. Run the Mac Studio + TB4 hub only with the Pro XDR (so no other equipment). If this fails, then the TB4 is broken and might need to be replaced. So contact the manufacturer of this TB4 hub.
3. Run the Mac Studio + TB4 hub using each device 1 at a time (so you can easily know which device causes the problem).
4. Do a complete reinstall of your Mac and see if it fixes it.

But as I said, my guess is that you are overloading the TB4 port trying to run 2 high-resolution displays on the same hub. Just connect those displays to your Mac Studio directly should avoid this.
Hello @Zest28

As I mentioned in the post, the Echo 5 hub was removed from the equation. Both displays are connected directly to the Mac Studio (item 7) and the OS was reinstalled twice in different ways (4 and 5) but it still show the same problem.

The reason it was connected to the Hub was because it was convenient to use a single cable in the old setup for the MacBook Pro M1 and it was all cable managed bellow the desk but as I said, the device supports that amount of bandwidth and now, it is removed but still, same problem.
 
Hello @Zest28

As I mentioned in the post, the Echo 5 hub was removed from the equation. Both displays are connected directly to the Mac Studio (item 7) and the OS was reinstalled twice in different ways (4 and 5) but it still show the same problem.

The reason it was connected to the Hub was because it was convenient to use a single cable in the old setup for the MacBook Pro M1 and it was all cable managed bellow the desk but as I said, the device supports that amount of bandwidth and now, it is removed but still, same problem.

I see.

Can you maybe compare:
1. M2 MacBook Air + Apple Studio Display versus Mac Studio + Apple Studio Display.
2. M2 MacBook Air + Pro XDR versus Mac Studio + Pro XDR.

If a display causes problems on both the M2 MacBook Air and Mac Studio, then the display is most likely faulty (and not the Mac Studio). And then you only need to send the faulty display to Apple for them to check it out.

If the M2 MacBook Air works fine with both displays but the Mac Studio not, then the Mac Studio needs to be send back to Apple for further inspection.

Also maybe try an other keyboard + mouse (maybe the keyboard and mouse drivers are not compatible with the new Mac OS).
 
I see.

Can you maybe compare:
1. M2 MacBook Air + Apple Studio Display versus Mac Studio + Apple Studio Display.
2. M2 MacBook Air + Pro XDR versus Mac Studio + Pro XDR.

If a display causes problems on both the M2 MacBook Air and Mac Studio, then the display is most likely faulty (and not the Mac Studio). And then you only need to send the faulty display to Apple for them to check it out.

If only the Mac Studio causes problems but the M2 MacBook Air not, then the Mac Studio needs to be send back to Apple for further inspection.
Sorry, I should have clarified here.

The both MacBook Air and Mac Studio works perfectly fine with a single Monitor. Either the XDR or Studio Display. The problem happens when adding both displays together. In the tests with the Air, because it has a single port, I have to use the Echo 5 Hub while on the Studio they were connected directly.

Both cases, two displays, it cause the problem.
 
Sorry, I should have clarified here.

The both MacBook Air and Mac Studio works perfectly fine with a single Monitor. Either the XDR or Studio Display. The problem happens when adding both displays together. In the tests with the Air, because it has a single port, I have to use the Echo 5 Hub while on the Studio they were connected directly.

Both cases, two displays, it cause the problem.

I see. That sounds to me like a software bug then. Better check on Reddit and / or https://forums.macrumors.com/forums/mac-accessories.77/ to see if someone has the same issue using both the Pro XDR and Apple Studio Display at the same time.

I don't think it's a hardware issue luckly.
 
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In any case, raise the issue at Apple so that they aware of it so they can fix it in the next update.
Yeah was thinking about that. The thing is that there is nothing on Apple's website saying this isn't possible. It says 6 displays up to 6K each.

I would think that their own product would work. But yeah, I'll raise this problem on their support and see where it goes.

Thanks!
 
Yeah was thinking about that. The thing is that there is nothing on Apple's website saying this isn't possible. It says 6 displays up to 6K each.

I would think that their own product would work. But yeah, I'll raise this problem on their support and see where it goes.

Thanks!
Hey, were you ever successful in finding a solution to this? I have been considering a similar setup for a Mac Studio with a Pro Display XDR and Apple Studio displays, and want to be sure it would work before taking the plunge.
 
Hey, were you ever successful in finding a solution to this? I have been considering a similar setup for a Mac Studio with a Pro Display XDR and Apple Studio displays, and want to be sure it would work before taking the plunge.
Not 100%. I mean, it got a bit better after several updates, but I still have daily stuttering.

I have the exact same setup at my office, except that instead of Pro Display XDR + Studio Display, I have 2x Pro Display XDR. That never gave me any issues as of Today and I run exactly same workload/apps as I have at home.

It seems that when having 2 displays of different sizes and resolution may be the culprit of the problem on MacOS. I would love to hear from other people with 2x Studio Displays, but right now, I can't advise differently otherwise.

So if I may suggest something based on my recent experience, either get two Pro Display XDR if you have the budged and the space on your desk or, two Studio Displays.

I'm looking forward for the Next MacOS to see if it makes any difference OR, the next Mac Studio M4/5 Ultra.
 
Not 100%. I mean, it got a bit better after several updates, but I still have daily stuttering.

I have the exact same setup at my office, except that instead of Pro Display XDR + Studio Display, I have 2x Pro Display XDR. That never gave me any issues as of Today and I run exactly same workload/apps as I have at home.

It seems that when having 2 displays of different sizes and resolution may be the culprit of the problem on MacOS. I would love to hear from other people with 2x Studio Displays, but right now, I can't advise differently otherwise.

So if I may suggest something based on my recent experience, either get two Pro Display XDR if you have the budged and the space on your desk or, two Studio Displays.

I'm looking forward for the Next MacOS to see if it makes any difference OR, the next Mac Studio M4/5 Ultra.

Hey thanks for the quick reply. I am curious which Mac Studio you have? It would be interesting to know if this affects both the M2 Max and M2 Ultra given the difference in supported display configurations.

Sadly my 3 wall mount arms really suit an XDR in the middle and an ASD on each side. Curious if you suggesting that there may be a difference if there were 2 studio displays in a configuration with an XDR? I suppose the worst thing that could happen would be having to exchange the XDR for another ASD if I encounter the same problem.

Apple uses display stream compression for the XDR because the 6k resolution at 60hz uses more bandwidth than a TB3 cable can carry. Since the Studio uses TB4 with a 5k resolution the cable can carry the signal without compression. This probably has something to do with the problem. I am sure you've tried many combinations of cables, but have you tried using Apple TB4 cables for both the XDR and the ASD?

It's a shame that these kind of problems exist given the amount of money this hardware costs. If this issue is simply a result of using an XDR and an ASD, I wonder if they have been made aware of the problem. Did you happen to raise an issue with Apple?

Would you rate the setup pretty unusable given this problem? I'd be okay putting up with it knowing they would be releasing a fix. Fingers crossed that Sequoia solves this either way.
 
> I am curious which Mac Studio you have? It would be interesting to know if this affects both the M2 Max and M2 Ultra given the difference in supported display configurations.

I have the M2 Ultra fully mixed out with the 192GB RAM and 4TB storage. Not sure the problem happens with the Pro as I never had the chance to try it out.

> Curious if you suggesting that there may be a difference if there were 2 studio displays in a configuration with an XDR? I suppose the worst thing that could happen would be having to exchange the XDR for another ASD if I encounter the same problem.

Yeah, my point is, seems that MacOS is having a hard time with the displays with different sizes and resolutions. That is why I suggested 2x ASD. I have 2x PDXDR on my other machine at the office and they never had any issues. I even swapped the MacStudios and the one from my office had the same issue at home where I have the PDXDR and ASD and my home Mac Studio didn't had any issue at the office with the two PDXDR. That kind of sustain my theory that it is either the display resolution differences or, the combination of PDXDR with ASD.

But yeah, you can try it out and with 2x ASD and the PDXDR in the center please let me know. I'm curious to know how it goes.

> Apple uses display stream compression for the XDR because the 6k resolution at 60hz uses more bandwidth than a TB3 cable can carry. Since the Studio uses TB4 with a 5k resolution the cable can carry the signal without compression. This probably has something to do with the problem. I am sure you've tried many combinations of cables, but have you tried using Apple TB4 cables for both the XDR and the ASD?

Yes, that for my first guess. I then went to Apple and bought the new Apple TB4 "Pro" cables and tried on both displays with it. Still same problem. The issue is not that just the "image" is stuttering. The whole MacOS kinda freezes without no reason. I can still hear audio, the mouse pointer is responsive, but I can't click anything or type anything (both Apple Mouse and Keyboard). The whole setup is 100% Apple and I've removed all the dependencies on 3rd party accessories for the sake of the test but I haven't had any difference.

> It's a shame that these kind of problems exist given the amount of money this hardware costs. If this issue is simply a result of using an XDR and an ASD, I wonder if they have been made aware of the problem. Did you happen to raise an issue with Apple?

I actually did open a case. Which because I have Apple Care+ on all the devices was routed to the "Advanced Engineering Team" (BS IMHO). They asked me to bring to the Apple Store only the ASD. After a week never reproduced the issue (yes, I know the ASD alone works fine, so does the PDXDR alone). Then asked to bring my Mac Studio + PDXDR + ASD and leave there forever (no ETA was given but they "guessed" 1-2 months!). Obviously I have done that since this is my main work machine, can't be without it that long.

They said can't do anything. I asked to return ASD. They denied. Asked to return all 3 devices and get new ones. Denied. In that case, I've opened a complain with the "FCC" in Brazil. I won. Couple of weeks ago, start a legal action against Apple here. This is a software issue. If they want to do tests on the hardware (after submitting multiple advanced diagnostics packages with multiple reinstalls of MacOS) thinking it is a hardware problem, I'm fine. Just give me new devices and keep the old ones for their research. I can't be penalized for their crap.

Will see how the legal procedures will go. If I buy a new Mac Studio M4/M5 and this fixes the problem, it will be more ammunition for my case. Just eagerly waiting for it.

> Would you rate the setup pretty unusable given this problem? I'd be okay putting up with it knowing they would be releasing a fix. Fingers crossed that Sequoia solves this either way.

After several updates on both MacOS and Studio Display firmware, it reduced the occurrence of the problems by half or so. But, it still exist.

If this is a problem with my unit, then you may have more luck than me and not have a problem. The point is that they don't want to replace my devices nor they acknowledge that MacOS has issues with multiple displays. The problem happened with a fresh installed MacOS without ANY software installed other than what comes out of the box.

When the problem is not happening, it is an amazing machine. I love the displays too. But, when it happens, I want throw everything in the trash can.
 
> I am curious which Mac Studio you have? It would be interesting to know if this affects both the M2 Max and M2 Ultra given the difference in supported display configurations.

I have the M2 Ultra fully mixed out with the 192GB RAM and 4TB storage. Not sure the problem happens with the Pro as I never had the chance to try it out.

> Curious if you suggesting that there may be a difference if there were 2 studio displays in a configuration with an XDR? I suppose the worst thing that could happen would be having to exchange the XDR for another ASD if I encounter the same problem.

Yeah, my point is, seems that MacOS is having a hard time with the displays with different sizes and resolutions. That is why I suggested 2x ASD. I have 2x PDXDR on my other machine at the office and they never had any issues. I even swapped the MacStudios and the one from my office had the same issue at home where I have the PDXDR and ASD and my home Mac Studio didn't had any issue at the office with the two PDXDR. That kind of sustain my theory that it is either the display resolution differences or, the combination of PDXDR with ASD.

But yeah, you can try it out and with 2x ASD and the PDXDR in the center please let me know. I'm curious to know how it goes.

> Apple uses display stream compression for the XDR because the 6k resolution at 60hz uses more bandwidth than a TB3 cable can carry. Since the Studio uses TB4 with a 5k resolution the cable can carry the signal without compression. This probably has something to do with the problem. I am sure you've tried many combinations of cables, but have you tried using Apple TB4 cables for both the XDR and the ASD?

Yes, that for my first guess. I then went to Apple and bought the new Apple TB4 "Pro" cables and tried on both displays with it. Still same problem. The issue is not that just the "image" is stuttering. The whole MacOS kinda freezes without no reason. I can still hear audio, the mouse pointer is responsive, but I can't click anything or type anything (both Apple Mouse and Keyboard). The whole setup is 100% Apple and I've removed all the dependencies on 3rd party accessories for the sake of the test but I haven't had any difference.

> It's a shame that these kind of problems exist given the amount of money this hardware costs. If this issue is simply a result of using an XDR and an ASD, I wonder if they have been made aware of the problem. Did you happen to raise an issue with Apple?

I actually did open a case. Which because I have Apple Care+ on all the devices was routed to the "Advanced Engineering Team" (BS IMHO). They asked me to bring to the Apple Store only the ASD. After a week never reproduced the issue (yes, I know the ASD alone works fine, so does the PDXDR alone). Then asked to bring my Mac Studio + PDXDR + ASD and leave there forever (no ETA was given but they "guessed" 1-2 months!). Obviously I have done that since this is my main work machine, can't be without it that long.

They said can't do anything. I asked to return ASD. They denied. Asked to return all 3 devices and get new ones. Denied. In that case, I've opened a complain with the "FCC" in Brazil. I won. Couple of weeks ago, start a legal action against Apple here. This is a software issue. If they want to do tests on the hardware (after submitting multiple advanced diagnostics packages with multiple reinstalls of MacOS) thinking it is a hardware problem, I'm fine. Just give me new devices and keep the old ones for their research. I can't be penalized for their crap.

Will see how the legal procedures will go. If I buy a new Mac Studio M4/M5 and this fixes the problem, it will be more ammunition for my case. Just eagerly waiting for it.

> Would you rate the setup pretty unusable given this problem? I'd be okay putting up with it knowing they would be releasing a fix. Fingers crossed that Sequoia solves this either way.

After several updates on both MacOS and Studio Display firmware, it reduced the occurrence of the problems by half or so. But, it still exist.

If this is a problem with my unit, then you may have more luck than me and not have a problem. The point is that they don't want to replace my devices nor they acknowledge that MacOS has issues with multiple displays. The problem happened with a fresh installed MacOS without ANY software installed other than what comes out of the box.

When the problem is not happening, it is an amazing machine. I love the displays too. But, when it happens, I want throw everything in the trash can.
Given your process of elimination I'd put my money on it being a software issue. Are you enrolled in the Apple developer program? The Sequoia beta should be available. I encourage you to install it and see if it solves the issue. Knowing Apple it probably won't, however it would be helpful to know if the problem has been addressed.

That said, if this problem did not exist do you think the XDR is really worth the premium as a software developer? If not I may just avoid this all together and go with 3 ASD's since I'm in the same line of work.
 
Also one other thing, I came across the Apple documentation regarding the external display connectivity for the M2 Ultra.

I am sure you've tried this, but there are two "port groups" which allow you to connect up to 8 displays simultaneously. This is unique to the M2 Ultra. One port group is the inputs on the front, and one for the inputs on the back. Have you tried plugging each of the XDR and ASD into separate port groups? One into a thunderbolt port on the front, and one on the back? In theory this may split the compressed/uncompressed video streams between the 2 groups resulting in better compatibility. It's a shot in the dark, but worth a try if you haven't.

 
Given your process of elimination I'd put my money on it being a software issue. Are you enrolled in the Apple developer program? The Sequoia beta should be available. I encourage you to install it and see if it solves the issue. Knowing Apple it probably won't, however it would be helpful to know if the problem has been addressed.

That said, if this problem did not exist do you think the XDR is really worth the premium as a software developer? If not I may just avoid this all together and go with 3 ASD's since I'm in the same line of work.
I bought the XDR first when I was still using my MBP M1 Max with the MBP as the secondary screen. When I replaced with the Mac Studio M2 Ultra, I lost the secondary display. That is why I got the ASD. I have to say, The XDR is AMAZING, even alone. I never had a display so good to my eyes. Not just the industrial design is good. The panel has nothing compared to it for the price. When I added the ASD, was mostly because on my current desk I don't have space for a second XDR, otherwise I would have bought it. It is clear that the ASD has "cheap" brightness and the difference in resolution is noticeable. You get used, but I just wish I could get a second XDR. Maybe when I get a new desk I will get it.

In regards to the beta, I can't do it now as I'm not 100% confident on recent MacOS beta releases as it always made a mess with my development tools one way or another. Will wait a bit as the release is few months away.
Also one other thing, I came across the Apple documentation regarding the external display connectivity for the M2 Ultra.

I am sure you've tried this, but there are two "port groups" which allow you to connect up to 8 displays simultaneously. This is unique to the M2 Ultra. One port group is the inputs on the front, and one for the inputs on the back. Have you tried plugging each of the XDR and ASD into separate port groups? One into a thunderbolt port on the front, and one on the back? In theory this may split the compressed/uncompressed video streams between the 2 groups resulting in better compatibility. It's a shot in the dark, but worth a try if you haven't.

Yeah, before I started this journey I did checked that document. Not that the document says "XXX display(s)" and "up to" some resolution. It doesn't mention whether or not the displays has to be the same resolution and/or update frequency. I never tried to put the second monitor in the port group 1 (the front connectors) as it would essentially be silly to have a cable dangling in the front of it. But aesthetics aside, we are talking about 2 displays where the port group is supposed to support up to 4 displays.
  • Four displays up to 6K at 60Hz (or 4K at 144Hz) over Thunderbolt
 
Have you tried reverting to Ventura? I have the exact same setup (Studio Ultra, XDR + Studio Display) and I haven't had anything similar to this personally, but there are quite a few instances of people reporting 'stuttering' on Sonoma. Not ideal of course, but it's worth a shot since you've already done thorough troubleshooting.

Also you never mentioned trying a USB mouse/keyboard: maybe it's actually a bluetooth issue you're experiencing?
 
Have you tried reverting to Ventura? I have the exact same setup (Studio Ultra, XDR + Studio Display) and I haven't had anything similar to this personally, but there are quite a few instances of people reporting 'stuttering' on Sonoma. Not ideal of course, but it's worth a shot since you've already done thorough troubleshooting.

Also you never mentioned trying a USB mouse/keyboard: maybe it's actually a bluetooth issue you're experiencing?
Back in the day I did tried reverting as per Apple Support request. The problem persisted. I guess if this is an OS problem it was also "backported" to previous release as well or, if it is a firmware upgrade on the display itself, there is no rollback options.

Reg the USB keyboard, I saw reports of people having problems with BT in the past. I use Apple's mouse/kbd/trackpad and it is unthinkable that they would cause display stuttering BUT, event then, I dropped the Magic Mouse and kept the trackpad and kbd wired for a day. Say problem.

Again, the problem is not just the input stutter. The display animations also hang when this happen. Things like swapping with 3 things to another desktop, or swapping up to show the desktop windows, or just trying to scroll on a webpage (Safari, Chrome and Edge tested), all them present symptoms of the problem.
 
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