From a quick research, this is what I can see:
I'm going to assume that you're wanting to know about transfer speeds of external drives. Your internal drive (20gbps) can be as fast as 1500GB/s read/write, or it might be a bit slower, like half of that, depending on the size of the drive.
I don't know, but I don't think you can swap the internal drive to get a higher speed. I think the speed is determined by the speed of the PCIe bus.
You have 1 Thunderbolt port that can (unless you're using it for an external display) deliver 20gbps (Gb, GigaBITS, not GB, gigaBYTES), that means up to 1500GB/s often less.
Then you have a couple of USB 3.0 ports (5gbps), and in my experience that gives me around 300GB/s r/w speed, maybe a little more.
For context; 300MB/s is really not bad at all. Remember spinning HDs? The fastest ones with 7200rpm had 70MB/s r/w or lower.
Do you find the speed of the internal drive too slow? What are you hoping to achieve?
Here's a free app to measure disk speed with:
Disk Speed Test is an easy to use tool to quickly measure and certify your disk performance for working with high quality video! Simply click the start button and Disk Speed Test will write test your disk using large blocks of data, and then display the result. Disk Speed Test will continue to...
apps.apple.com