Typically 3-4 years, and has been so forever. This form factor is from October 2021, so this next revision or the one after that... I'd expect a VERY modest revision, though, since this seems to be a highly successful form factor, the M3 Max is powerful enough that the full-on version really wants the 16" case to cool it properly, and the last couple of redesigns have actually been retreats. The one bigger possibility, especially in 2025, would be OLED displays.
The current port selection is excellent. The only realistic addition is a convenience USB-A port, and Apple's probably too stubborn (but a few years ago, I would have said they were too stubborn for HDMI, and they did that). A CFExpress reader would be useful, but is photography-specific. Ethernet would require a thicker base unless they managed to stick it in the power brick (where it is on the current iMac), and I'm not sure if MagSafe 3 is set up for that? USB-C IS, and, since the far end of MagSafe is USB-C, they could always do a MagSafe with extra pins to accommodate Ethernet - the question is whether they would, and I don't think it likely. My guess is no new ports, and we probably won't lose any, either.
The size and weight is probably here to stay... The 14" is a competitive high-end Ultrabook, and they have the lighter MacBook Airs as well. The 16" is actually rather light for a mobile workstation of its considerable power (16" Lenovo, HP and Dell workstations in a similar performance and feature class are all between 0.5 and 1.5 lb heavier, as are Razer gaming/creative hybrids).
One thing that adds confusion is that the 14" and 16" (mostly) share the same processors, leading to an extremely light (for the power) 14" M3 Max option that really isn't fully cooled for sustained operation, as well as a 16" M3 Pro that is considerably heavier than some comparable business laptops.
Nobody but Apple dares to put a world-class mobile workstation like the M3 Max 16/40 in a 14" case that weighs under 4 lbs - neither Intel's nor AMDs solutions would fit at all. Unfortunately, it only sort of fits even with Apple's efficiency - the M3 Max, especially the 16/40, really needs the 16" case in order to be fully cooled. At the opposite extreme, the lightest 16" business laptops are nearly 2 lbs lighter than a 16" M3 Pro MBP (and the 14" case works just fine for an M3 Pro).
The M3 Pro is a powerful business laptop, while the M3 Max (especially with the big jump in power from M2 Max to M3 Max) is a mobile workstation. The line got more confusing when the Pro and Max got much more differentiated. I wonder if the M3 Pro would fit and cool in the 15" Air case, eliminating some of the confusion? The only catch would be the missing HDMI port.
Eliminate the 14" MacBook Pro in the next generation, but make the M3 Pro chip available in the 15" Air case? Continue the 16" with the M(N) Pro chip as well as the Max, for those who want ports and a big battery, but not necessarily huge CPU/GPU power.
That leaves:
13" Air - smallest and lightest, base chips only.
15" Air - big-screen ultraportable, mainstream business/education laptop , base/Pro chips
16" Pro - big-screen mobile workstation, Pro/Max chips, big battery, ports, large storage options.
Is this kind of what Apple will do???