What is "happening" is that Explorer is crashing. Behavior is very analogous to OS X (if finder crashes, the desktop icons and dock disappear, and then they reappear when Finder restarts automatically).
Is explorer restarting -- that is, do the icons and taskbar come back? If not, why it is unable to automatically restart is one of the questions, and of course the other is what is making Explorer crash in the first place.
Did you install any background utilities or anything that lives in the system tray recently?