A couple of corrections:

The HDD fan blows both directly through hitting the main board and upwards. This is the reason for the HDD's high temperature. When the CPU gets hot the hard drive's temperature goes up, too. I am surprised the original HDD has lived for 10 years before failing in such a hot environment.

Now, I used foil tape to cover the front vent so that the incoming air can only go upwards.

I actually did that for all 3 fans. However, there is little need to seal up the CPU fan because it fits very snuggly against the housing with little room to leak air. If you do decide to seal it, however, you may need dryer-grade foil tape for that because the CPU is the hottest part of the computer.
- I swapped in a 75k resistor and the fan is still at its lowest speed, from that I surmise it is not anything like a thermistor whose resistance is measured. Short of paying for a commercial solution, I would say all DIY methods in the folklore appear to work only because they disable fan control altogether by shorting to ground, without the inventors themselves realizing what makes it "work". As a result, I have decided to leave the HDD temperature sensor open circuit as a safety feature so that if the fan control software ever crashes or malfunctions it will turn up the fan slowly until it reaches full speed so that the HDD is protected from overheating.
- The Platform Controller Hub Die appears to be really the platform controller hub die. The HDD temperature reading is not advertised in Macs Fan Control.

The HDD fan blows both directly through hitting the main board and upwards. This is the reason for the HDD's high temperature. When the CPU gets hot the hard drive's temperature goes up, too. I am surprised the original HDD has lived for 10 years before failing in such a hot environment.

Now, I used foil tape to cover the front vent so that the incoming air can only go upwards.

I actually did that for all 3 fans. However, there is little need to seal up the CPU fan because it fits very snuggly against the housing with little room to leak air. If you do decide to seal it, however, you may need dryer-grade foil tape for that because the CPU is the hottest part of the computer.