It's a shame Apple has equated larger form factor with pro features.
MacBook Pro 15" = Quad core
iMac 27" = dGPU
iPad Pro = pencil/upgraded screen
The one time I recall recently this not being the case, was when they gave the iPad mini the same processor as the regular sized iPad.
Keep in mind in at least some circumstances they are limited by what Intel does. The reason the 4k iMac comes with Broadwell chips (5th gen vs Skylake's 6th gen) is that Intel does not currently have an Iris Pro equipped socketed Skylake CPU that isn't a mobile chip. The 27" iMacs all have dedicated GPUs but if they didn't they'd be limited to Intel HD graphics rather than Iris Pro. Needless to say, it would not perform well driving so many pixels with such a limited GPU.
Granted, Apple has chosen not to utilize dedicated GPUs in the 4k iMac. This is due to a number of factors: market segmentation, cost, profit margin, form factor limitations. Clearly Apple believes the Iris Pro in these chips is good enough and to be honest for non pro users (the majority of Apple's marketshare) it very likely is.
Also with regard to the Macbook Pro, Intel does not make a quad core mobile CPU that will fit in a power envelope that works for a 13" laptop. It would be physically (thermally) impossible to stuff a 47W CPU into the 13" MBP. Not only would it run too hot but the battery life would be atrocious. The 15" form factor gives far more headroom for a battery and cooling. Cost is also a concern here, but physics plays a role as well.
I think it is easy to get into a situation where you think that there are very arbitrary choices made that keep any one machine from being totally ideal, but Apple is pretty methodical about this stuff. They generally choose hardware that is sufficient for the needs of the largest market while being differentiated enough to justify multiple tiers of a product with the fat profit margins few other companies can enjoy.
It doesn't mean its always right, but there is a method to the madness for sure.
EDIT: Also, Intel has announced they have no plans for a socketed Skylake CPU with eDRAM. As such, the 21.5" retina iMac will never use a Skylake CPU unless they reverse course and include a dedicated GPU as standard.
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