Retouching has been done since the invention of photography. Paintings always have been an interpretation of what is real way before that. We might argue that film, developing chemicals treatment, even exposure and fstop, framing, the lens you chose… and even choosing a situation and a specific moment to capture from a specific viewpoint is distorting the objective truth. Every detail about photography is not about representation of reality but a subjective chain of decisions. Look at any Cartier-Bresson, who was a photo reporter and you will see decisions that turn reality into a subjective authorship. Whether black and white or Polaroid, these images always were chemical transcriptions of reality, 2D simulacra.
Same with photography. Even an untouched, unedited, straight from the Camera, no-filters photo is already edited, not truthful anymore. It is important to understand that images represent, re-interpret and see that as what IS photography. It never was about reality.
Personally, as someone who took or edited images daily since the early 90s, this is an important distinction. Images are narrative and the job is to capture or find that narrative and use tools like Photoshop to elevate and fine-tune the image. Over the top colors or edits, black and white, subtle minor repairs… it always depends on what you want the photo to be. But even a «real» photo is a narrative choice and edited to look untouched.
One of the reasons for that is that cameras can capture stuff your brain will filter out. People will see things in photos they have not seen in real life even in their daily surroundings, we once had a client that seemed to notice a door in his shop for the first time in the photos we took of his interior.
So the job is to find a narrative. When you do portrait the job is to find the beauty and essence of the person captured. In architecture you might want to edit out stuff that distracts from the building, cars, people, signs etc. I personally have the tendency to take out distractions, the granular stuff that distracts the eye, to make the image a bit cleaner and lighter. Reflections, creases, fire alarms, buttons, cigarette butts, signage - the detritus, the distractions to the eye. And if the tools get better to do that, as they have done since the invention of photography, if we have more choice how to represent reality, all the better.