Volume appeared similar. But I can verify with a sound meter.Very likely what you heard is just one of them being louder than the other (which doesn't mean it's better).
Unfortunately my avr has no way of displaying bitrate that I know of.
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Mine does DD 5.1 over ARC.Keep in mind that some TV makers implement ARC weirdly. Some only allow 2.0 to go through for some reason. If anything I would test HDMI vs Optical, since they are both known to support DD+/DD (HDMI/Optical).