Another reason I expect the pattern some of us think we see is about the flip from M-base, then M-PRO & M-MAX, then M-Ultra to the reverse of that schedule (albeit with iPad already out for THIS generation). In other words, I expect M4 Ultra-based Mac Studio & Mac Pro soon- possibly WWDC- else oddball-timed summer event, the PRO & MAX in the Fall and then thereafter always lead with Ultra and work DOWN to Base (a full reversal). Why:
I have come to a similar conclusion but some of your reasons are based on wildly false premises.
Profit Per Unit sold: Ultra Macs are apparently most profitable but "as is" releases make them appealing for only a short window of time before next-gen MAX eats some of their lunch. Flip the apparent schedule and Ultra Macs are king of the Mac Power hill for the entire generation's run... and thus all who must own "latest & greatest" and/or "most powerful" are tempted to pay way up for one. Apple covets maximize cash-per-transaction more than anything, so stop here as this one alone is probably enough.
Your claim that they maximize cash per transaction is unsupported. There are items that could support this theory, but also others that support conflicting theories. On balance it seems quite clear that what they chase, extremely effectively, is maximum profit.
As for scheduling... others also bring out their most powerful chips last - Intel for example did that for many years, bringing out Xeons with CPU cores that had first been introduced the previous year in their consumer processors.
That said, I agree that this is clearly suboptimal, and if Apple can manufacture the highest-end chips first (which they definitely could not, for example, when N3B started shipping), then it seems very likely that it's in their best interest to ship top-end systems first, and that they will think so too.
Because they can. Yields don't have to be super high for the most expensive Macs.
Partially true, partially false. The size of the M3 Max is nearly 4x that of the M3. At a defect rate of 0 defects per cm^2, the M3 Max would therefore cost nearly 4x as much as the M3. But that's not possible. Depending on the actual defect rates, and on how much binning Apple can do, the actual M3 Max cost may be 5-6x... or it might be 10-15x. At some point it is simply too expensive even for top of the line systems, and that only changes as the process matures and the defect rates go down.
Two things govern this:
1) The larger the chip, the larger the loss of silicon per defect.
2) The more you can afford to lose parts of the chip (by binning), the lower the loss of silicon per defect.
That's why nVidia can eat more defects per cm^2 than Apple can, without driving costs insanely high. Most of the area of an nVidia chip is noncritical- that is, if it contains a defect, it can be fused off without making the chip unusable. On the other hand, that's less true for Apple chips: less of their chip area is noncritical because less of it is taken up by replicated units (GPU cores and/or CPU cores).
The almost certainly coming class action regarding the "unfixable hardware hole" in M1-M3 seems to beg for fastest possibly rush to M4 (assuming it closes it). If so, I don't seen M < 4 lasting much longer for any of them. Else, bigger settlement. And settlement size gains steam when company knows it is selling a product with a harmful issue but opts to keep on selling it anyway.
LOL! This is where you ran entirely off the rails. Even if it were "unfixable" (which, as it turns out, it isn't, even in the M1 and M2), there would be no legal action. You know how I know? It's because Intel and AMD processors have had a pile of worse problems, none of which they've ever had to pay out for. Tons of speculative-execution-related issues, but sometimes even worse. For example, the hilarious failures of Intel SGX.
Qualcomm Snapdragon competition. Does anyone want to hear how a dirt cheap PC based on that is more powerful than a Mac Pro or Mac Studio Ultra for thousands more?
Also LOL. The not-yet-released SXE is miserably underpowered even compared to the base M3 in single-core, which is still what matters most to most users. The M4 just crushes it more. In multicore, assuming you're talking about a desktop PC (because this is NOT true for a laptop), the SXE top-end chip running at its highest power settings will indeed beat the base M3. It doesn't beat the M3 Pro, and it gets utterly crushed by the Max.
That said, pricing does matter. Qualcomm won't be competitive with Apple any time soon on a technical level, but they are pricing the SXE aggressively enough that it does make sense, from a consumer point of view, to at least consider them compared to M3 Macs (Airs and low-end Pros using base M3 chips). I'd love to see that push Apple to improve their pricing (though I doubt it will, at least in the next year). But even if it does, that will be pricing for their base units. Maxes, Ultras, and maybe even Pros are untouchably fast compared to the SXE, which is unlikely to catch up much in the next few generations.
2nm line widths is just amazing. Of course, most of the chip is built with things at larger dimensions, but still. 2nm is roughly 5 to 10 atoms, depending on the material. Atoms themselves are smaller than this but in a crystal the atomic spacing is on the order of 0.2 to 0.4 nm for many materials. I find it amazing that things even work a these dimensions.
And in fact they don't. Those measurements are fantasies. Actual feature sizes are in the several tens of nm range. That's true for all leading-edge processes, not just TSMC's.