Is this the norm today for all laptops or is this an Apple thing?
The bottom line is that the more you cram into a small space, the hotter it gets in there. Is it the norm? To a degree yes.
Whether you are Apple, Microsoft Asus or whoever, you assume that the vast majority of users are not going to push the device to its thermal limits so often that it needs to 'beef up' the cooling for everyone's use case.
It really does not take much to shoot the CPU temps into the 75-80C/167-176F
Even simple tasks will cause the CPU to ramp up to the max it can achieve, when it does it the heat builds fast and the cooling kicks in to perform to a manufacturer determined fan curve. If that is not enough then you get thermal throttling.
I am on my PC now (i7-7700), all I am doing is typing this and have Spotify in the background. It is sitting mostly around 37c. But I have a Hyper 212x cooler inside with fans around the case drawing heat out. I could get it cooler but I have passed the responsibility for the fan curve to the auto-tune software.
If I was to use a simple cooler for the CPU and no other fans, much like most laptops I am willing to bet my PC will sit at around 50-55c doing the same tasks and then easily hit the 75-80c you are getting on the MBP.
Some are better than others, but in the ultrabook type device the majority will get into the 80c region with ease, some will hit thermal throttle like the MBP others will manage it better and not throttle but still sit at high temps.
The only way around high temps if you are not comfortable with them is a bulkier design with more substantial cooling. There is only so much you can do with small and thin, and that is not just an Apple trait.