As others have said, you can't compare x notches on one display with x notches on another. Their scaling is likely non-linear. You should instead compare them at maximum brightness (and with both plugged in)
If the new MBP remains dimmer than the old one at max brightness, check the display specs for each. If the new MBP is supposed to be as bright or brighter, but it's not, then it's worth looking into thermal throttling. The article I linked says: "Apple says that users who see this problem continually when the ambient temperature of the room is under 77 degrees Fahrenheit should contact Apple Support for help." Thus it sounds like 77F is right at the border where this thermal throttling can happen.
To check if this is thermal throttling, you could temporarily lower the room temp to ~72F, and also point a fan at the laptops, and compare brightness again.