@EdShort - there is a clear distinction between entering your name and password when setting up your Mac, and signing in to iCloud in your mac after or during the install completes using your Apple ID.
If you do not have an Apple ID - get one. It is the main prerequisite to using Apple services, like iCloud, where your data will be backed up.
After you set up your Mac to use your Apple ID and iCloud, you will not have to worry if you will lose your data if you do a clean install.
Edit: I believe you are missing the main principals of using a Mac and Apple ID, so I suggest googling this topic to get familiar, it is in your best interest.