With the latest 10.15.4 beta 2 I was able to boot with eGPU connected! This is the first time since 10.15 beta 5. There is no Apple logo during boot only a black screen though (but there is video signal, the display does not go to sleep).
2018 Mac Mini boot ROM is now 1037.100.340.0.0 (iBridge: 17.16.14236.5.2,0)
2018 Mac Mini boot ROM is now 1037.100.340.0.0 (iBridge: 17.16.14236.5.2,0)