OP, "unexpected ejections" is commonplace with some third party enclosures since Big Sur. There are multiple threads about this. I have extensively tested this through multiple cables, all jacks, hubs, powered hub, etc and concluded that the problem is almost certainly a bug in macOS. It apparently carries forward from Big Sur to Monterey and now to Ventura.
While people may offer a ton of things for you to try, nothing resolves it for many with the problem. I'm convinced Apple has to do something in macOS to fix this.
HOWEVER, in all of my searching for anything and everything else that I could try, I haven't seen this reaching further back to Catalina. You are the only example I have seen for that. So I can't say for sure that the Big Sur+ cause definitely applies to your situation. I would feel more hope that there may be something ELSE affecting you than the one I'm referencing.
For many, third party enclosures, etc, "just work", especially if it is an SSD single drive but some HDD single drive too. Not all single drives work but some definitely do. This problem seems "larger" when it is a 2+ drive RAID box, mostly HDDs but some SSDs too.
After trying absolutely everything, I resigned myself to buying a new enclosure and have enjoyed a stable connection since. This isn't a brand thing- the problematic one and the stable one for me are BOTH by the same manufacturer. This isn’t an age of enclosure thing, as I dug out some ancient drives (circa 200X) for testing and some of them were stable vs. one I really want/need to work from about 2019. It also isn't a sleep thing, though sleep does seem to contribute to unexpected ejections more frequently than usual (so there may be SOMETHING there).
While you should try anything you easily can, I wouldn't spend too much money on stuff trying to get it working. Instead, you may find you simply need to purchase a different external and try with it... and then maybe again if it does it too. Eventually you find one that works. It shouldn't be this way on the "just works" platform, but it is and has been through now 3 generations of macOS... and now maybe since Catalina too in your case.
I'm confident Apple will eventually debug macOS and USB "just works" will make these work again. WHEN is the question that only Apple might know. Sorry.