I think that our 2014 MBPs were less than $2,400. Maybe $2,200 or less. I recall paying less than $2,000 for them with the educational discount.
You are probably talking abut the Iris Pro models, without the dGPU. They started at $1999 in the USA. The dGPU models were $2499 or even more back then, so actually more expensive than now.
The i9 is the biggest factor that I could see in getting the 16 price down. The GPU, second. It is possible that AMD might push Intel's prices down but I doubt it at this point. There are companies, including AAPL, where they would just stick with Intel.
That's exactly the thing. Those third-party CPUs and GPUs are expensive, and they require valuable logic board space for wiring and support components. I think this is the beauty of Apple Silicon — Apple could afford making much more complex chips that cost three to four times more to develop and manufacture, and still have a better profit than buying them from third party. Especially when you consider the savings from supporting components...