I had a similar problem with my 2018 iPad Pro: at first it would only work with some specific chargers but in time it was almost impossible to charge it at all, would constantly do the connect/disconnect dance or just either refuse to charge at all. I brought it in for repair at Apple but they gave it back to me with a letter stating that it was working perfectly. Turns out that all it was needed was a software reinstall: you might try that and see if it works for you.No it does not charge at all with Samsung charger. I'm keeping fingers crossed mine wasn't a faulty unit hence this thread.
I reckon you might be on to something here re. handshake. The iPad when paired with Samsung 25W keeps connecting and disconnecting repeatedly (I can hear it from the sound cue), as if it had trouble identifying the charger. The battery icon turned green for a split second then back to white (discharge) status.
If the power adapter is indeed faulty how come it still fast charges my Galaxy very well? Or does it only apply to Apple as a third party device?
It's a nuisance to have multiple chargers when one will suffice. I do see the reasons why Apple removed the brick from their iPhone 12 lineup.
Might as well get a universal GaN charger off Amazon and put all of these little bricks back in box.