I had a similar issue upgrading to High Sierra. Often I would not even see the panic log, the system just blew up and rebooted. It did appear to be related to APFS, since APFS disk activity seemed to accelerate crashes.
In the end it turned out to be an unknown preference in my account! In all my years I have never run across this.
The fix was to go into another account (I have an "Admin" on every one of my systems for resolving issues) and renaming my home directory. Logging back in created a fresh home directory without deleting the old info. I set up just the basics (mail, messages, etc.) and ran for a while. After I determined that there were no more crashes, I slowly added in Application Support and other files, but stayed away from preferences, any Services, and plug-ins. I downloaded those fresh.
Tedious, but rock stable ever since.