I highly recommend this book for digital photographers:
http://www.amazon.com/Kelbys-7-Poin...=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1215090224&sr=8-4
It pretty much covers what you are looking to do. It goes through Scott Kelby's work flow from start to finish. Well worth a read and an IMHO an excellent resource to have in your library.
For me I want to get as good as shot as I can within the camera with very minimal amount of tweaks in photoshop. But in some cases you just have to use photoshop to recovery the shot.
Seconded! I found that this book helped me a lot with basic RAW processing in Aperture (or Lightroom I suppose) as well.