So I've been running iPad OS 17 on a number on devices, both personal and business devices, and also experimented a little with network settings and these are my findings so far.
Personal devices: Both runing iOS 16.7.2 before updating.
* iPad OS 17 on iPad Pro 2 (10,5) is no different from iOS 16, haven't messed around with settings or network settings as it isn't my device. Its hooked to Wifi bot not sure what frequency or Wi-Fi standard (guessing WiFi5).
* iPad OS 17 on iPad Air 3, same as above but this is hooked up to a Wifi 4 router, guessing 2,4 ghz.
Both of the above seem to be running as they always have and haven't got any reports from the users that they drain quicker or feel laggy.
* iPad OS 17 on M1 iPad pro 11" (16GB) with 2TB of storage (used about 1/4). Messed around and forced it on 5Ghz to see if that has an effect on the drain. Also set the "astronomy" feature as a background pic and front. This is what I use daily, mostly in my house so far so connected to the same network.
Fairly filled with apps but no social media apps. Mostly use it for streaming, videoediting, stage-manager and web-browsing.
I do sense that it drains a tiny bit more battery than on iOS 16, not much but I think I can notice it. Its not nearly as mad as some of the numbers given in this thread tho.
I think it all started after setting up the astronomy thing and the 5ghz change, but it could be a number of other things as apps are updated automatically and can cause drain. Haven't turned off background updates yet which can have a big impact.
Will try and disable the astronomy feature and go back to 2,4 ghz to see if it makes a difference at some point, but as its barely noticeble i might keep it in for a little bit longer just so make sure it its not me reading into things that's not there.
At work: (Mix of devices, mostly iPad Air and iPad pro from 2020 or later)
No reports of a crazy battery drain from any of the users so far, but its hard to know since the usage pattern and environment are very different between users what they are being used to.
Some use cellular only, some are only on WiFi and the offices has somewhat different network equipment too which makes it hard to troubleshoot should there be any issues.
Our main issue right now are M1 and M2 Macbooks and network connectivity issues.
We will be updating our CEOs iPad (12.9 ipad pro 4) to iOS 17 next week. This person is very sensitive to bugs and changes. If there would be a slight change in battery consumtion, lagginess or similar he will let me know...that's for sure.