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I had restored my backup from Mojave, but I just upgraded again to Catalina and can confirm that it now works
 
I may have found a fix. Go to System Preferences, Security & Privacy, Privacy, Full Disk Access and add OneDrive then restart your computer and it should work. All my files are syncing now.
this solved my issues (didn't need to restart my computer, only the OneDrive app)
 
Just signed in and it worked. Also have the new OneDrive icon with this version.
 
Many people here are saying it mysteriously started working all of a sudden but I think they did an update or they installed new and happened to get latest version.

I had to remove and reinstall office 365 to get the correct version and enable the insider ring. Since I had manually installed onedrive afterwards trying to get this working, office 365 updates didn’t show an update available for onedrive. At the time I could not find a download for the new version of standalone onedrive. There seems to be three different ways to get onedrive -
Office 365, standalone installer, and Apple App Store and the update process is not the same for each. Maybe now the other methods have updates but that is how I did it for my office 365.
 
Is it using up a massive amount of CPU for anyone else? I'm generally seeing over 100% utilization

From my experience with OneDrive over the years, that's pretty much always been the case, beta OS or not. Sometimes it quiets down, but for the most part it's a terrible resource hog. Once iCloud is a bit more stable, I'm hoping to move my docs there instead
 
The preference to autostart at login isn't working for me. It refuses to NOT start at login.

I searched the usual suspect directories but couldn't find where it was being triggered from so uninstalled it out of spite.
 
The preference to autostart at login isn't working for me. It refuses to NOT start at login.

I searched the usual suspect directories but couldn't find where it was being triggered from so uninstalled it out of spite.

Just go in System Preferences > Users & Groups > Login Items and add it there
 
My SSD and two external disks all formatted as case sensitive and journaled as required by catalina to be able to use them in time machine, did not let me install OneDrive. I have a third external disk which is Macos extended journaled only and not case sensitive, in which catalina permitted me install OneDrive to it. hope it helps until Microsoft provides a formal fix
 
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