You say iOS 6 is a major improvement over iOS 5, but iOS is kinda the same over the years??
The iPhone can already do everything the Galaxy note does. It just doesn't come with the stylus :S
I'm a little confused with your statements.
You are confused because you don't understand the technology with the note. The digitizer is designed for a stylus, like writing with a pencil the harder you press the darker the line. The USB is (as with all Android devices) is designed to support USB hosting. So plugging a mouse in an a mouse pops up on the screen or a game controller can just be plugged in. The software is based around the screen tech so there is nothing comparable as far as apps go on iOS.
Basically the iPhone doesn't have the hardware or software like a galaxy note. It's more then just a big phone with a stylus.
I think that's why you are a bit confused. It's a device for a certain market, it's not in competition with anything Apple makes because Apple doesn't make a competing product.