The real question should be why did they make this Mac Pro with an all new design when they full well knew there'd be a platform switch.
The instruction set switch is really completely immaterial to the new design. If Apple has moved to a AMD Threadripper solution they still would have needed a new case design. Even if were going to eventually switch to Intel Xeon W with a new socket design. Across all viable paths they still needed a new overall system design in 2018.
Apple had been completely comatose on Mac Pro design since 2013. By Spring 2017 all Apple had was a "dog ate my homework" excuse as to why they didn't have anything. The Mac Pro 2013 was more than somewhat "humours" offering for Apple in 2017. What were they suppose to do... ride that until 2022. Almost 9 years in Rip van Winkle mode? Would there be any substantive Mac Pro customers left in 2021-22 if Apple hit the snooze button that long? Probably not. Lots of folks left in 2015-2017. Longer was only digging a deeper hole. The Mac Pro 5,1 was due to be pushed completely on the Vintage/Obsolete list in 2019. That was a huge driver to get "something" out the door by late 2018- mid 2019.
Fundamental fact is that the basic current Mac Pro system and case design is more than viable for an Apple ARM SoC as the CPU. If the Apple SoC is lower TDP it isn't like the current case cooling won't work. The power consumption of the GPU probably isn't going down. ( betting on GPU TDP staying constant and/or going down was the corner they painted themselves into with the Mac Pro 2013 design. It is extremely doubtful they are going to try to go back there. The "dog ate my homework" session in 2017 clearly laid out they were not interested in repeating that. ) . There is exceeding little about the current case and system objectives that inhibits an Apple SoC.
The main design constraint the current overall system design puts on a future Apple SoC is a requirement to dramatically "up the game" in the I/O function. It needs to be orders of magintude better than what the A-series does on a broader front. The die needs to be substantively bigger. For the high end compute GPUs Apple has nothing viable at the moment at all. What AMD/Intel/Nvidia thermal paths they are one is still going to be a pressing system design constraint. Apple doesn't have any 'magic bullets' there at all in the intermediate term of time. ( dubious that they'll want to cover that space anyway).
Selling your userbase a computer that is to be superseded by newer, faster hardware, that's not unexpected. But releasing an already dead ended machine? Or rather, selling it as the latest and greatest and fastest they ever
.....
Don't think many companies would dare to pull this stunt.
and yet that is exactly what every workstation vendor has done at the logicboard level. Dell , HP , Lenovo , etc. They all introduced Xeon W 2200 , 3200 , 1200 series workstations that were not going to get any more socket updates later. All those products had "dead end" product logic boards .
1- and six months later announce that you are moving to a different platform, timeline for the switch already set? Thanks, aaaand sorry about your soon to be incompatible purchase.
This part is just pure hand waving with no facts in hand. Apple probably isn't going to come out with a new Apple Silicon (ASi) Mac Pro in the next 12 months ( or more). If Apple releases a ASi model in Q1-Q2 2022 then the current Mac Pro would have a had a 2+ year reign as the latest Mac Pro. Apple went from 2010 to 2013 with not much of a real new Mac Pro. Going from 2019 to 2022 wouldn't be all that unusual. Nor would they be updating faster than the mainstream workstation vendors.
The timeline that Apple set is important and is grossly being glossed over above. If Apple says they are going to spend multiple years transitioning then that means the late 2019 - 2020 Macs may not necessarily be swapped out in the short term.
Apple also announced that they were turning back on "fat binaries" so future software will still run on the current systems. There is nothing in Apple's statements that outlines that support and development for the current systems will drop dead in 2022 or 2023.
In other news Lenovo has announced a singleCPU Threadripper workstation that apparently beats dual Xeon-equipped Intel machines in CPU-intensive tasks.
If Intel had an Xeon W Ice Lake CPU ready at the end of 2019 then Apple probably would have used it. The Mac Pro could have launched in late 2018 if
i. Apple would have started work on Mac Pro sooner ( 2016).
ii. AMD could have delivered the Vega II Pro in sufficient quantity. ( MI60/MI50 were announced in November 2018).
iii. Intel had pulled down the LGA3047 with expanded PCI-e lanes sooner. It was 'there' , just not offered.
Instead Apple threw more effort into the iMac Pro earlier on.
What Apple is shipping now is actually Intel's latest. In 2016-2017 AMD didn't have an established track record.
Apple targeting where their ASi transition start time was not going to be driven by the top end desktop processor. The vast majority of Macs sold are laptop processors. So when there were laptop viable ASi SoC ready that is when they could start. When the top end ASi SoC could be ready that could be marked as an end point. Apple doesn't need to have all of those all at once.
I suspect Apple probably wanted to see what Mac Pro 2019 sales were going to actually come out as anyway before getting to the 'point of no return" on the top end ASi SoC development cycle anyway. If the Mac Pro had bombed in sales they could just cut the losses and move on ( or at beast tone it down to more specially an iMac Pro like system ). [ Similarly first year ASi macOS version being non-committal on 3rd party GPUs. Another "do it if we need to" deferred work option. ]
If too many folks hem-and-haw over buying a new Mac Pro like system from Apple at some point Apple could just cancel the product. There is no rock solid commitment there will be a ASi Mac Pro. If it is interesting to Apple ( makes lots of money) they'll probably do it. But there is no "has to" there for Apple for the Mac Pro in order for there to be a viable macOS ecosystem. macOS could continue without a Mac Pro.
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