I have "maybe" good news. Just installed Sonoma 14.4 and while the issue is still there, it changed significatively!
I was curious about this update since it adds support for the new Air models.
Now, if you go to the lock screen and press ESC few times, the screen would go black, but the Mac restarts by itself! This is new and potentially good since Apple is aware of the issue and is changing things.
The other new thing (and ever better news), all the times after the issue you get a crash message.
This can help to solve the problem if Apple can gather more info about it.
Code:
panic(cpu 2 caller 0xfffffe0014feda9c): DCP PANIC - ASSERT!AppleDCPDPTXPowerController.cpp:538 No device added after powering on the rails. HPD=0 - dcpav(27)
ASSERT!AppleDCPDPTXPowerController.cpp:538 No device added after powering on the rails. HPD=0
RTKit: RTKit-2419.101.1.release - Client: local-ipad14dcp.RELEASE
DCP panic is a Display Co-Processor [Graphics Processor] panic.
Please comment if you are seeing changes after 14.4 and also, click "> Comments" on the crash window to write about the details of the bug to Apple.