SLC = Single Level Cell - Stores 1 bit per cell. The fastest and most expensive
MLC = Multi Level Cell - 2 bits per cell
TLC = Triple Level Cell - 3 bits per cell - The cheapest, slowest, and with less endurance
Of course, these can be combined with 3D layering, so that 3D MLC could be cheaper than single layer TLC, for example.
To refresh the cells of an SSD, you use a program that reads and writes back every block. This must not be done often, as you're shortening the lifespan of the SSD by one full disk write.