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If Microsoft and Qualcomm executes this correctly they will mortally wound x86.

There is a presumption there that Intel/AMD are going to stand completely still while this happens. They are not. 2024 should see a huge uptick in iGPU performance for both Intel ( 15th gen Meteor Lake) and AMD ( 8000 Strix ). Even if the Nuvia CPU core was flawless (and doesn't get bogged down in court) , Qualcomm would have to do something they haven't done on the GPU front to keep up.

AMD/Intel aren't going to match Qualcomm on battery life but the performance will likely go up and the battery life be 'good enough'. They both are going to better nodes. [ Meteor Lake has two E cores on the SoC. If the latop is sitting there doing nothing .... can turn off the CPU tile if they wanted. ]

And if Apple fumbles the M3 family rollout deeper into the 2024 ... similar issues.


With reduced sales of x86 chips will result in higher MSRPs of AMD/Intel computers due to worsening economies of scale.

Probably not. Pretty likely AMD/Intel would take a margin hit before they ever cranked up the SoC prices to the suppliers. They will just spend money to keep share. Intel is already doing it to AMD. Whether AMD or Qualcomm is little material difference. If AMD's MI300 (and data center stuff) continues to take off they can easily afford to do it also. Plus this is Qualcomm... you really think they will have a low budget, lower BOM offering???? They haven't so far. They have spun story that they were. However, that was only because they compared Intel + discrete Cellular modem BOM costs to Qualcomm CPU+integrated modem costs. None of the Qualcomm Windows laptops so far have been 'best price' leaders. They have all been relatively expensive and users charged to the 'benefit' of long battery life and 'always on' celluar network. They have never been a 'chrome book' like threat to Windows laptops at all ( priced for those on tighter budgets. )

Qualcomm is trying to mimic the Apple M-series. Apple did NOT generally use their own Arm SoCs to drive average system prices lower. Qualcomm will likely try to do the SAME thing. They are very probably not going to undercut Intel/AMD on price. Qualcomm wants the margins at least as much as the market. ( AMD has not primarily gone for undercutting Intel in the customer space either and done OK. Qualcomm is likely going to also follow that playbook. )
 
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Do you think Qualcomm would succeed where AMD hasn't?
Definitely. For one thing, Qualcomm probably won’t have absurd availability issues wrt their SoCs.

If Qualcomm gets into a zone where they have to choose what limited wafer starts go to modems and phone SoCs versus starts into Windows PCs ... it will probably be a similar issue.

AMD was almost completely broke several years ago. They are still in a build positive cash flow mode so the laptop stuff hasn't been a high enough priority to steal wafer starts away from other products. Nor AMD has bought a healthy chunk of "just in case" wafer starts with 'extra' money laying around.

At Zen 1 there was a long gap between when the high end desktop and Eypc SoCs are released and the laptop versions. Zen 3 and 4 that gap is shrinking more. It is still the 'last thing out the door', but it is getting better as AMD has more money to 'walk and chew gum at the same time'.

Qualcomm may or may not be doing a better job as system vendor design support than AMD is doing now. AMD is still clearly behind the level of 'help' that Intel provides. Qualcomm does not have much penetration into multiple vendors ( Samsung , Lenovo, ) . Qualcomm would have to cover a lot more models (and more vendors ) to put any kind of serious dent into x86_64. 'Arm' options have buzzed around Chromebooks for years and never wiped Intel out (and AMD has pushed in).
 
It looks like AMD chose to sell server CPUs.
View attachment 2223748


That is a bit also that Intel choose to protect their laptop share. It isn't just unilateral. Intel did some foolish stuff on the server side. Can see that in the 24 28 core models of the Mac Pro 2019 where Intel has an extra $2-3K ">1TB RAM" tax slapped on top of the processor. When Intel started to fully come to grips with just how screwed 10nm was they choose to pimp their server customers for maximum margins to collect as much money as possible to stem the time they thought it would take to get back on their feet. AMD made deeper inroads by not only having faster processors but by being for better $/Performance also ( even with the AMD price increases). Intel gave away some share in 2018-2020 timeframe just cranking prices higher even when they were doing poorly in performance.

It took a while for Intel to start throwing heavy discounts to save some share in Server .
 
Qualcomm may or may not be doing a better job as system vendor design support than AMD is doing now. AMD is still clearly behind the level of 'help' that Intel provides. Qualcomm does not have much penetration into multiple vendors ( Samsung , Lenovo, ) . Qualcomm would have to cover a lot more models (and more vendors ) to put any kind of serious dent into x86_64. 'Arm' options have buzzed around Chromebooks for years and never wiped Intel out (and AMD has pushed in).
In the battle to convince notebook manufacturers, between Intel, AMD and Qualcomm, isn't Qualcomm in the worst position?

Lenovo has a model with two versions: one with Intel CPU and one with Qualcomm SoC. The laptop with Intel is faster, cheaper and has more ports, but lasts less battery life. Somehow, Qualcomm needs to increase the performance of its SoC while maintaining its efficiency advantage and reducing its production cost.
 
In the battle to convince notebook manufacturers, between Intel, AMD and Qualcomm, isn't Qualcomm in the worst position?

Lenovo has a model with two versions: one with Intel CPU and one with Qualcomm SoC. The laptop with Intel is faster, cheaper and has more ports, but lasts less battery life. Somehow, Qualcomm needs to increase the performance of its SoC while maintaining its efficiency advantage and reducing its production cost.

They spent $1B on Nuvia. If it isn't faster on something ... then probably could have spent that $1B on something else. ( or stuck with Server chips. Ampere Computing is raking in decent money these days on better throughput rather than single thread drag racing contests. I don't think Nuvia had a competitive Server offereing either though. They said they did because that was a faster path to collecting $1B payday. )

I think Qualcomm went around with a sales pitch that they were going to 'faster'. But probably measured against 2022- early 23 Intel/AMD stuff (or at least '21 stuff). Qualcomm was suppose to be out around this time. The fact that they are arriving later means the competition gets tougher.

More ports should not be too much of a problem. Qualcomm was basically taking their phone SoC and making small adjustments to get a Windows laptop version. Ports wise, I suspect Qualcomm is just looking to match (or outdo) AMD. They are more seriously doing Thunderbolt more than AMD is. But rumors are that the PCI-e lane count and version number is up for this new 8cx Gen 4 Oryon

" ...
The chipset will have the Adreno 740 built in, the same GPU as the 8 Gen 2. However, an external GPU will be supported with 8 lanes of PCIe 4.0 (as a reminder, v4.0 is twice as fast as PCIe 3.0).

There will be an extra 4 PCIe 4.0 lanes (that can also be configured as two 2x channels) for NVMe drives, though 2 lane UFS 4.0 storage (up to 1TB) is supported too as a cheaper option. The chip will also have additional PCIe 3.0 lanes for peripherals like a Wi-Fi card or a modem. The 8cx Gen 4 will not have a 5G built in (unlike its Android counterpart).

Wired connectivity options seem outstanding. The chip supports two USB 3 10Gbps ports, plus three USB 4 (Thunderbolt 4) ports with DisplayPort 1.4a. The latter will enable it to drive a triple monitor setup, 5K+4K+4K. ..."



Thunderbolt (maybe. I suspect most system vendors never submit for certification so probably just USB4 ports. Probably depends upon how much Qualcomm lightens that 'load'. ) , external dGPU support, etc. Doesn't sound at all like they are going for "more affordable than .." route. They'll take share, but profitable share ( no some huge stampede grab). Also helpful they dumped the modem to put more on the die ( and pragmatically lower costs because no extra licensing for the radio ).

That Adreno 740 though. And chasing after dGPUs is somewhat dubious. [ but Nvidia fans will love that. ] dGPUs also drive BOM costs higher ( and kill battery life). Once doing higher BOM and killing battery life ... where is the huge gap????? 2024 is going to be the year where a large chunk of the laptop dGPU market gets wiped out by iGPUs. Qualcomm is skating to where the 'puck' used to be, not where it is going. They aren't going to 'kill off' anyone doing that.
 
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When Apple released Apple Silicon, it was an iterative improvement on what they’d been doing for years. So much so that one could predict the performance of the M1 even before it shipped. Nuvia still has yet to produce anything for comparison, when are they expected to release their first actual products?

Update: At Snapdragon Summit, running from October 24-26, 2023 is when it’ll get shown off, not sure on when folks will be able to use it. Oh, and that’s ahead of a lawsuit scheduled for 2024. So there will likely be limited interest due to next year’s legal activities which could fundamentally alter what they’re able to do.
 
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Update: At Snapdragon Summit, running from October 24-26, 2023 is when it’ll get shown off, not sure on when folks will be able to use it. Oh, and that’s ahead of a lawsuit scheduled for 2024. So there will likely be limited interest due to next year’s legal activities which could fundamentally alter what they’re able to do.

Last Nov (2022) they were not even sampling yet.

" ...
The US chip designer had hoped to have samples of Oryon-powered silicon in the hands of PC makers by now but wasn't able to. We're told these components are now due to ship in products by the end of 2023 or early 2024. That's a bit of a delay for those looking forward to Qualcomm's next generation of microprocessors for laptops and PCs. ..."
https://www.theregister.com/2022/11/17/qualcomm_nuvia_arm/

Qualcomm said they would sample before end of 2022. Who knows what the quality of that sample was just to hit that deadline ( didn't have something a month or so earlier).


If anything ships before December/Christmas it will likely be in limited volume. It is really a 2024 timeframe for volume ship to customers. I'm sure there is likely one vendor that they sampled to though before everyone else so may see one model barely squeak out the door so they and brag about it.

The legal problems probably won't slow things down as much as make the Qualcomm laptop a derivative of a AMD/Intel laptop that they are already doing. Similar how vendors will do one chassis and put both a Intel and AMD laptop chip in there. The port selection varies a bit, but the baseline is just kept the same ( screen, keyboard, other major non-logic components ). Qualcomm probably has a convincing song-and-dance story about how they'll stop any injunction Arm might try to throw down. ( it actually helps Qualcomms case if 3rd parties get harmed if 'mean ole Arm' stops them from shipping. And Arm already filed a injunction on trademark that hasn't seen much deep traction. I think Qualcomm somewhat doesn't care how many fines they rack up here given they are already out over $1B anyway. )
 
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Yeah, big hail mary counting on a quite a number of things going perfectly. At least they have the phone biz to subsidize. their ambitions!

They really don't need the phone biz if they are not selling the Oryon with super low margins. (Qualcomm already has cash ; $6B. )

Outcome 1 , they win the suit against Arm ... no fines and they sell product into maybe 10% of PC market. --> fat profits to pay down debt racked up.

Outcome 2, they pay Arm some fines in the $400-800M range , but because the Oryon has traction Arm inks a deal to let them still sell into the PC market .. if they can claw out maybe 10% of PC market ---> a less profit as pay off 'entry fee' over time. But don't really need long term subsidies.

The phone biz isn't a sure thing. When Apple gets their modem finally working that is a substantive, steady chunk of revenues gone. Samsung is stumbling around a bit with AMD GPUs tech , but if that go traction ... Google is likely out the door long term. Samsung gone. MediaTek is getting better.

If Arm goes somewhat suicidal and slaps percentage fees on devices ( like Qualcomm does ) then 'cost of complements' will probably drive down the fees that Qualcomm is collecting. End users will probably bulk and system manufactures will likely not want to pay as much to Qualcomm when paying more to Arm.

Also pretty likely that Qualcomm will use cores cluster 'building blocks' ( Oryon and others ) from PC SoCs in the high end Phone SoCs they are spreading those costs out over a larger group of products. ( like Apple is). [ The bottom 'half' of Qualcomm SoC has pretty good chance of just sticking with mainstream Arm cores. Qualcomm makes 2-4x as many SoCs as Apple does for much wider price points. ]
 
Reasonable business strategy. AMDs margins on laptop CPUs are pitifully low anyway.

Where they were for most of that graph ( constrained to 'budget' laptops ) , yes. The also didn't have the 'wrap around' OEM design assistant skills. However, AMD is on track to start making some options with "even bigger" iGPUs integrated into the die(s). Once they get into the zone where they are more seriously trying to 'remove' more dGPUs from midrange (and up) laptops the margins there don't have to be 'pitfully low'. The bill of material replacing ( dGPU + VRAM ) is higher.

70+% of PC market is laptops on Windows side also. At some point, they need to penetrate that in a zone that doesn't have crappy margins. Back when AMD had 'stumbling' designs pre-Zen the desktop package margins where not all that great either.
 
70+% of PC market is laptops on Windows side also. At some point, they need to penetrate that in a zone that doesn't have crappy margins.
So far, AMD has prioritized handheld consoles over notebooks. There are several handheld consoles with 7840U, but no notebooks yet.

AMDs margins on laptop CPUs are pitifully low anyway.
What could make Qualcomm believe that notebook SoCs would have good profit margins even if it had to pay for a more advanced TSMC node and Arm license?
 
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So far, AMD has prioritized handheld consoles over notebooks. There are several handheld consoles with 7840U, but no notebooks yet.

The handheld consoles is far more so just 'spill over' from their plugged-into-the-wall console work (which has done quite well and I suspect doesn't reflect on that chart much at all). It isn't their major laptop strategy other than strike as some niche areas on 'laptop/mobile' where is Intel is particularly weak.

What could make Qualcomm believe that notebook SoCs would have good profit margins even if it had to pay for a more advanced TSMC node and Arm license?

Qualcomm has to pay for more advanced TSMC node regardless. Their phone , VR, etc SoCs will need to go there also over time at approximately the same pace. So notebook SoCs isn't really making a difference on the overall need to move forward. Decoupling the modem from the die all the more so. Probably, will eventually happen at the phone side also on future process nodes ( N3, N2 , etc ... aren't going to be highly generally useful. Logic , SRAM , and I/O are going in different 'directions'. Throwing everything and the kitchen sink onto on single monolithic die is going to get stretched. )

Qualcomm was paying both ends of the Arm licensing spectrum. Had arch license and buying complete IP cores from Arm. If really concerned hyper concerned about margins then 'pick one' not both. ( for specific SoCs. Doesn't have to be universal over a very broad line up.)
 
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So far, AMD has prioritized handheld consoles over notebooks. There are several handheld consoles with 7840U, but no notebooks yet.
How is the prioritization from AMD though? They’re not an handheld or laptop OEM. I would view this as handheld makers have placed orders for that chip, while laptop makers have not.

Is there some reporting anywhere to suggest that AMD is withholding orders to laptop OEM’s for that chip?
 
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It'll be a long grind to take x86 marketshare in Windows world. But Apple Silicon is so good that Microsoft has no choice but to make Windows on ARM a priority if they don't want to lose market share to Macs over time. In other words, Microsoft needs Qualcomm to compete. Microsoft can't rely only on AMD/Intel anymore.

There may be some truth to this. The M1 / M2 Pro and Max in the MacBook Pro’s have proven to be so good that a lot of previously desktop-bound scenario’s are now in reach.


Whether that will translate into better market share remains to be seen, but in the long term we can expect more cloud-related workloads and so the platform of the local machine will matter less.
 
How is the prioritization from AMD though? They’re not an handheld or laptop OEM. I would view this as handheld makers have placed orders for that chip, while laptop makers have not.
You may be right. However, whether notebook makers don't want to buy the chip or AMD doesn't want to sell it to notebook manufacturers, the result is the same: the 7840U is an almost exclusive chip for handheld consoles.

There must be something between AMD and some notebook manufacturers because there are things that are not explained. Last year, Asus launched a notebook with an AMD chip that received very good reviews.
The Asus Zenbook S 13 OLED is the first laptop I’ve seen in years to seriously challenge the Dell XPS 13 and MacBook Air as the very best ultraportable productivity laptop. The new AMD chip is a big factor here, boosting the CPU performance, GPU performance and battery life to new heights. The high-resolution OLED screen is also impressive for streaming video and scrolling through Instagram photos.
The Zenbook S 13 OLED (2022) was our top laptop of last year, gaining a 5-star review.

However, this year ASUS has decided to release the same model with Intel and the change is one of the drawbacks of the new version.
The Zenbook S 13 OLED for this year resembles the one that Asus released in 2022 but comes with enough significant differences that they’re really fairly distinct machines. The biggest difference is arguably the processor, since the 2023 version uses a 13th Gen Intel Core i7 processor and last year’s version sports an AMD Ryzen 7 6800H CPU.

Whether AMD has problems with TSMC or with laptop manufacturers, those problems make it difficult to get more laptops with AMD CPUs. And I still don't know how Qualcomm can overcome those same problems.
 
You may be right. However, whether notebook makers don't want to buy the chip or AMD doesn't want to sell it to notebook manufacturers, the result is the same: the 7840U is an almost exclusive chip for handheld consoles.

There must be something between AMD and some notebook manufacturers because there are things that are not explained. Last year, Asus launched a notebook with an AMD chip that received very good reviews.



However, this year ASUS has decided to release the same model with Intel and the change is one of the drawbacks of the new version.


Whether AMD has problems with TSMC or with laptop manufacturers, those problems make it difficult to get more laptops with AMD CPUs. And I still don't know how Qualcomm can overcome those same problems.
I’ve personally got an X13 with a 5800 I think? Love it, so much better at handling multiple 4K screens than the Intel one I moved on from.

Isn’t there one of the trade shows coming up? Isn’t that where OEM’s launch their new updated laptop models?

I have absolutely no reason to believe that AMD is withholding chips in favor of low volume handhelds, that would be an…interesting business decision.
 
You may be right. However, whether notebook makers don't want to buy the chip or AMD doesn't want to sell it to notebook manufacturers, the result is the same: the 7840U is an almost exclusive chip for handheld consoles.

There must be something between AMD and some notebook manufacturers because there are things that are not explained. Last year, Asus launched a notebook with an AMD chip that received very good reviews.



However, this year ASUS has decided to release the same model with Intel and the change is one of the drawbacks of the new version.


Whether AMD has problems with TSMC or with laptop manufacturers, those problems make it difficult to get more laptops with AMD CPUs. And I still don't know how Qualcomm can overcome those same problems.

Given Intel's track record, they likely did one of two things to get ASUS to replace the AMD-based laptop with an Intel-based model: A) They paid ASUS to use their processor, or b) they threatened to pull ASUS' access to Intel processors in general. Intel has gone down both of these paths in the past, and they still go after AMD in every conceivable manner they can.
 
Given Intel's track record, they likely did one of two things to get ASUS to replace the AMD-based laptop with an Intel-based model: A) They paid ASUS to use their processor, or b) they threatened to pull ASUS' access to Intel processors in general. Intel has gone down both of these paths in the past, and they still go after AMD in every conceivable manner they can.
An infuriating disparity between the Lenovo T16 is that the Intel version has replaceable RAM whereas the AMD version does not. I suspect Intel ********tery with contracts or licensing is at play…
 
Whether that will translate into better market share remains to be seen, but in the long term we can expect more cloud-related workloads and so the platform of the local machine will matter less.
Those were some interesting interviews of folks that had the outlook one would expect. “Hey, whatever helps me get my work done and, apparently, I can get my work done on this.”
 
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Qualcomm has to pay for more advanced TSMC node regardless. Their phone , VR, etc SoCs will need to go there also over time at approximately the same pace. So notebook SoCs isn't really making a difference on the overall need to move forward. Decoupling the modem from the die all the more so.

Not understanding your point here. A big selling point to a Qualcomm SoC would be having a cellular modem built into the notebook, something Apple does not offer, so far. Decoupling the modem would not be a net positive, except possibly in terms of improving yields, but on that front, Qualcomm could just go with interconnects and vend multi-die SoC packages.
 
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I have absolutely no reason to believe that AMD is withholding chips in favor of low volume handhelds, that would be an…interesting business decision.
I don't think AMD is holding back chips either, but they may have a hard time selling their chips to notebook manufacturers. It is curious that ASUS has decided to use the 7840U for their console, and not in their notebooks even though last year they used the previous model.
 
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So notebook SoCs isn't really making a difference on the overall need to move forward. Decoupling the modem from the die all the more so.
Not understanding your point here. A big selling point to a Qualcomm SoC would be having a cellular modem built into the notebook, something Apple does not offer, so far

That selling point worked so well that Qualcomm had to go out and spend $1B on a better non-modem core to be competitive. When getting your butt kicked on CPU/GPU/etc performance then may not want to allocate die space to a cellular modem that the vast majority of PC laptop users are not going to use.

That selling point really didn't work that well. There wasn't a huge , additive upswell in Windows laptop expansion for a modem and battery first and performance "just OK" laptop at the price points that Qualcomm systems were selling at.

To take something like 7-10% share away from AMD/Intel Qualcomm will need a SoC with no modem overhead in it. Could they have a secondary SoC that does have a modem in a bigger , more expensive multiple die package. Sure. But that can't be the main compete. It won't work. Qualcomm spun that 'we have a cheaper BOM' story before , but it was only cheaper if compared to AMD/Intel+ modem; not AMD/Intel as they are typically sold. That is a substantive contributing factor to why they got limited traction.

That cost gap isn't just on BOM. cellular modems are more expensive for end users to operate also. A modem that is actively hooked to a cellular service is an additional $xy.zz per month. Lifecycle costs of 3-5 years is 30x or 60x $xy.zz for total costs. ( 60x $10 = $600 which would very useful to put toward buying the next laptop at the end of the cycle.) Are the vast majority of end users looking for that additional cost? Nope. As a "we sell radios" company, Qualcomm would love it of most people bought two cellular modems from them at a time.

As long as Qualcomm has the viewpoint of primarily just trying to sell incrementally more radios, they are not going to get deep traction against AMD/Intel in the Windows space.

Qualcomm hasn't bee shy to talk up Oryon as "Apple M-series" like solution. Similarly, if Apple is throwing gobs of die space at more CPU/GPU/NPU cores is Qualcomm going to be able to allocate die space to cellular modem that cuts into the allocation for those other cores and still compete? Probably not. Since they explicitly 'called out' Apple , they are probably going to get measured against them. There will be lots of reviews stating they that 'failed' if the GPU or CPU comes of dramatically short of the bar that Apple set.


. Decoupling the modem would not be a net positive, except possibly in terms of improving yields, but on that front, Qualcomm could just go with interconnects and vend multi-die SoC packages.

If the majority of the laptop user base isn't going to turn on the cellular modems it isn't a 'yield' thing, it is more so as a wasting wafers thing. Once the working die run rate gets up in the 10M range , they would be churning through lots of wafers. If the users are getting zero utility out of even small portion of that

The yields aren't going down. To compete with Apple they CPU/GPU/other 'uncore' die space usage would likely have to go up. Not really going to get a net decrease in die size here. Net decrease in package size but that isn't a die yield issue.

As I mentioned at the end. Decoupling the modem for the primary die is the issue. So yeah Qualcomm can do a multiple die package ( to improve Pref/Watt and ease of manufacturing an optional modem capable version). But they also need to able to dump the modem with the end user doesn't need it.
 
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There is a presumption there that Intel/AMD are going to stand completely still while this happens. They are not. 2024 should see a huge uptick in iGPU performance for both Intel ( 15th gen Meteor Lake) and AMD ( 8000 Strix ). Even if the Nuvia CPU core was flawless (and doesn't get bogged down in court) , Qualcomm would have to do something they haven't done on the GPU front to keep up.

You assume that Qualcomm is as deeply wed to the iGPU concept as is Apple. Qualcomm is not selling computers, they are selling SoCs: it is up to the end-product manufacturer to decide whether to rely on the SoC's graphics power or to put in a dGPU. Microsoft will most likely continue to support dGPU implementations, which gives Qualcomm/Nuvia a bit of breathing room for working on internal graphics capabilities.
 
You assume that Qualcomm is as deeply wed to the iGPU concept as is Apple.
Wouldn't a laptop with a dGPU consume more and be thicker losing the appeal that Arm-based laptops offer?
Apple has shown a recipe that works. So Qualcomm has to see if it makes sense for them to follow that recipe or make a new one.

it is up to the end-product manufacturer to decide whether to rely on the SoC's graphics power or to put in a dGPU. Microsoft will most likely continue to support dGPU implementations, which gives Qualcomm/Nuvia a bit of breathing room for working on internal graphics capabilities.
Why would Nvidia develop drivers for Arm-based notebooks? How could notebook manufacturers promote a notebook with an dGPU with few games and few productive applications?
 
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