I’m not impressed with the MacBook Air M1 USB-C support either, and finding the cables and hubs/dongles that work best is hit and miss as far as I can tell. Here are the results I got when I tested a Samsung T5 on both my old MacBook Pro 2014 with i7 with old USB A ports and my new MacBook Air M1 with USB-C ports.
MacBook Pro 2014 with i7 with Samsung T5 2TB USB-C 3.1 Gen 2 External SSD Drive (APFS format)
- READ = 357 MB/s, WRITE = 357 MB/s (copy/paste of 1 GB .mov file)
- READ = 448 MB/s, WRITE = 435 MB/s (ATTO Disk Benchmark)
MacBook Air M1 with Samsung T5 2TB USB-C 3.1 Gen 2 External SSD Drive (APFS format)
- READ = 357 MB/s, WRITE = 357 MB/s (copy/paste of 1 GB .mov file)
- READ = 339 MB/s, WRITE = 359 MB/s (BlackMagic T5 SSD)
The MacBook Pro is capable of a maximum speed of up to 5 Gbp/s (625 MB/s) with USB 3.1 Gen 1, and the MacBook Air M1 is capable of a maximum speed of up to 10 Gbps (1250 MB/s) with USB 3.1 Gen 2. The T5 is capable of about 495 MB/s according to Samsung. The old MacBook Pro with i7 is faster than the MacBook Air M1 according to BlackMagic, but both were about the same with a simple copy and paste test of a video.
I’ve had trouble with cables for some hubs/dongles with the MacBook Air M1 as well as some ports on same. Restarting the MacBook Air M1 means the devices/hubs plugged into the two USB-C ports might or might not regain communication with the MacBook Air M1, often requiring unplugging them and replugging them in.