Yosemite: No dock and graphics flashing
I tried many of the above suggestions without results partly because it wouldn't hold default changes in System Preferences.
As a last resort, I followed a suggestion that I thought was a bit frivolous. I was desperately trying to get my 2009 MacBook ready for my Granddaughter's birthday. It goes like this - I had only one account, an Administrative Account in Yosemite. I added a Standard Account and voila the desktop picture was no longer flashing.
Now assuming that you have a lot of data in the Admin Acct you have been using, simply make a new Std Acct an Adm Acct and convert the original Adm Acct to a Std Acct.
How do you do that? System Preferences>Users & Groups>unlock the Padlock by clicking on it and providing your user name and password>click on Log In Options>select the user account you wish to change if you have more than one account>check or uncheck Allow User to Administer this Computer.
If you have only one account, click on the Lock and enter your user name and password>click on the + symbol in the lower left hand corner of the left pane>set up the new User Account with user name (probably should be different) and password (which can be the same) and check or uncheck whether you wish for the account user to be an administrator. And, if you are as fortunate as I was by selecting the standard user account (the admin. user account desktop is still was flashing), you won't have a flashing screen in the Standard Account. Installing software or making various changes in the Standard Account will require your Admin Acct. user name and password, but you don't have to Log Out and Log back In to the Admin Acct or Shut Down and Reboot.
A fringe benefit of running a Standard Account is that it is immune to a recently revealed vulnerability in Yosemite to hackers!