Any 14" Max is going to need to use the fans and potentially throttle more than an equivalent 16" Max machine because of the size of the device and the thermals. Any difference between the different CPU/GPU models of Max chip in a 14" chassis will make little to no difference to this if you're working the chip flat out.
Personally, unless you need the power of the Max chip, especially in a 14" machine, I'd consider the M3 Pro chip. I think the M3 lineup is now very clearly segmented so that the M3 Pro is going to give the best balance of power & efficiency for most people, with the Max chip there for those who absolutely want the most powerful choices of CPU & GPU you can get.
THIS!
While it's not as bad as it was with M1 Max 14-inch MacBook Pros, Max chips in a 14-inch is still going to result in heat and thermal throttling when compared to a 16-inch MacBook Pro. Max chips were very clearly designed with the chasses of the 16-inch MacBook Pro and the Mac Studio in mind first and foremost; Apple reasoned that those wanting portability would be fine to - as they always have - sacrifice power, performance, and battery life to get something more portable.
Which is to say that I echo this advice: If you want M3 Max, get a 16-inch MacBook Pro. If you want a 14-inch MacBook Pro, get a M3 Pro instead. Otherwise, you'll be making the kinds of sacrifices that result in posts just like this one!
It's mostly a matter of time saving. I'm sure I could get by with a Pro model, but the Max will finish all of the demanding daily tasks I do faster. Things like importing thousands of high resolution (45mp Canon R5) files into Lightroom, applying batch AI noise reduction, converting raw to DNG files, HDR merging files, and 4k and 8k video editing and color grading.
The other day I imported ~1800 raw files into Lightroom and it took my 2020 M1 over an hour to build previews.
"Artisright" did some great tests that show some of the differences:
But if the thermals of the unbinned 16-core 14" M3 Max are limiting it to the point that it has no better performance than the 14-core binned version, and worse fan noise, then I should have gotten the binned 14-core version instead of the 16-core I ordered.
Again, that (14-inch) chassis with ANY Max SoC is going to entail this sort of throttling, heat, and fan noise, as well as the hit to your battery life. If you need the performance of a Max chip (and it sounds like, for your use cases, it probably helps), get a 16-inch MacBook Pro instead; unlike the 14-inch model, it's actually built to run this SoC and break much less of a sweat.
Get a 16-inch MacBook Pro instead.
The other "issue" with the Pro is once you bump up one tier to 36GB the price gets very close to the M3 Max.
I just looked. For a 18GB RAM/1TB SSD M3 Pro based 14-inch MacBook Pro, it costs $400 to go to 36GB of RAM, and another $400 ON TOP OF THAT to go to the 14-CPU-core/30-GPU-core variant of M3 Pro. If you don't select 36GB of RAM and instead just select the chip upgrade, you're still paying the $800 to step up.
If we were talking about a single $200 upgrade, that'd be one thing. But a $400 upgrade? That's a bit more, especially, again, for a chassis that isn't the most optimal home for any Max SoC.