This honestly sounds much more to do with Adobe's lackluster development as of late, than anything to do with a video card. Font-intensive Adobe apps crashing sounds like Adobe to me. My brother who's a full-time graphics & print designer spends all day every day with Photoshop, Illustrator and InDesign open on his 2019 iMac - he experiences sporadic crashes as well, and crashes resuming from sleep at times when he leaves Adobe open.
Display and graphics corruption, and compression artifacts ... I had those with the W5700X but what I didn't have were sleep related or in-app crashes; and I don't have a lick of Adobe anywhere installed on my systems. Perfectly stable.
Are you able to select between hardware acceleration modes in Adobe, like Metal / OpenGL or even software acceleration? I've not used Adobe in a long time now as I dropped them after CS6 with all of their subscription nonsense. Switched full-time over to Affinity myself though I'm a developer; I don't spend much time in Affinity.
Adobe software is no doubt having issues. This is approximately what I have seen the past 2 months after a full clean and reinstall of Creative Cloud files on a new OS:
Illustrator - crashes on launch or soon after (about 15 times)
Photoshop - crashed only once that I recall, but it has issues with Text layers when opening certain layered PSD files at times. Sometimes it shows the warning symbol on the text layer indicating the font is missing but when you double-click the layer to change it - it will not allow a change. Files that behave that way also will not allow me to save any of my work (doubt this is GPU related).
InDesign - crashed twice that I recall, both times soon after launch when it appeared it was having trouble finding the correct fonts to display (indicated by the highlighted paragraphs never resolving)
Acrobat - probably 10 crashes - usually right after launch
After Effects - No problems yet
Dreamweaver - No problems yet
Bridge - No problems yet
Dimension - No problems yet
Lightroom - No problems yet
The only non-Adobe crashes have been with Quicktime and of course the random crashes when waking from sleep.
The same Adobe CC apps on my 2015 MacBook Pro running same version of Catalina - never had a single crash or problem - so this has to be a Mac Pro/GPU/Driver/Catalina mix? I run Suitcase Fusion on all my Macs, but tried turning it off on Mac Pro and still got crashes.
Never had a single "display", "color", "artifact" issue on any of my monitors - in fact, they are performing way better than on my 2012 previous Mac Pro with a 580x Sapphire card.
With AI you can basically just turn GPU Performance off and on. With Photoshop performance has several possible setting combinations.