China has enjoyed a rapid economic boom for nearly 40 years up until about 2020, where their ever increasing purchasing power meant strong demands for foreign (considered more prestigious) and luxury goods. Apple never had any problem selling iPhones despite them increasing in price over the years in China because the economy was booming.
The economy leveled off in 2021, started going downhill from 2022, and the situation has worsen in the past 2 years, triggered by a property crisis and has now spread over the whole economy. When the inflation is merely slowing its pace for most of the world, China is experiencing deflation, when things are instead getting cheaper the longer you wait. The Chinese people are finally realizing that the economic downturn is not a temporary situation. Apple is barely the only one impacted. All sorts of foreign made luxury items - from LV bags to BMW to iPhone/Mac - are having problem selling in once one of the world's largest market.
As I've said a few months ago on another article, the downturn in iPhone sales in China is due to the economic situation rather than any of the competition. Rather than saying Apple is reacting to the competition, it is more accurate to say every phone maker including XiaoMi, Huawei and Apple are reacting to people less willing to spend on expensive items.
In terms of pricing, the Chinese government collects a tax that is baked into the list price of items sold in China (just like how prices are listed in the EU and in many places around the world). For most of the 2010s, iPhone list prices were higher in China than in Hong Kong and the US by about 20% (to account for local tax and currency fluctuations). There was a story in 2016 about a man strapping 96 iPhones onto his body to smuggle iPhones from Hong Kong to resell for a profit. That means if the list prices in China is the same as the US, Apple is already providing about a 20% discount. Another 20% discount on top of that is unprecedented for Apple. They only
cut 10% last year for the iPhone 14.
It will be interesting to see how Apple proceeds from here with pricing. Since the rest of the world seems to be doing just fine economically, it does not make sense to cut prices globally. But sales in China will continue to tank. I suspect people might actually start smuggling the other way around - from China to the West - if the price difference persists.