Certainly the "Battery Optimization" setting helps, if it is left on. But that's not the point, of simply being left plugged in. There are many factors that affect battery life. Number of times plugged into the charger, heat, charge levels. Try getting a Flir, and check the temperature of an iPhone plugged in over night, to one that hasn't been, it's much hotter. You think if you closed all of your apps. and had the iPhone at 100% when you went to sleep, it would magically be at 100% when you wake up - good luck with that?! So what do you think the phone is doing all night long, draining, topping, draining, topping...all along, at increased operating temperature. The higher the power (wattage) charger you are using, the faster it will decrease battery life, but sure, it will get charged faster...like those that use their iPad charger for their iPhone. IF you run a side-by-side comparisons, as I have done with identical iPhone in our business use, you can clearly see the difference in the "Maximum Capacity" field, for 1YR, as our business upgrades several Apple products to the newest model, yearly. Sure, most modern Lithium core technology batteries last longer than all previous technologies. The generally recommended cycle for Lithium core batteries is 20% - 80%, no lower, no higher, and definitely NOT draining all the way, or worse, putting away a device at like 20% for an extended time, where the battery can actually get to 0% as a human mental reference, this can kill or damage a battery.
Wonder why you have never heard of someone needing to replace their Lithium core technology battery in their EV or Hybrid car after years and years and years?! Yet people are having to get their batteries in their devices all the time, sometimes in a really short time, 2YRS, most around 4YRS.
You inability to understand the chemistry that is going on, and "show me proof, or it doesn't exist" is pointless, it's been well documented for many years in an overall function of age/temperature/cycles/wattage, etc.
A Layman's Guildines:
Charging your phone's battery to 100% shortens its lifespan.
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