To my knowledge there is no forum rule against pompousness, nothing that would say what he posted was wrong.
Nope, and as far as I'm aware nobody reported his post (or the thread title) to the mods for deletion on the grounds of violating the forum's rules.
And what's good for the goose is also good for the gander, as they say; there's nothing in the forum rules prohibiting criticism of either his posts or the thread title.
Why is it okay for posters to say "I'd love a new iPhone but I'm unemployed and can't afford it" but not okay to say "I got a great education and I'm a successful smart guy"?
Perfectly fine to say, but that isn't what he said. He created a thread with the title "I have 3 degrees and I don't get icloud..." (sic). Those two statements, best I can tell, aren't the least bit related. At least in your hypothetical example, being unemployed has a great deal to do with not being able to afford a new iPhone. Nowhere in this thread does the OP discuss his degrees or their relevance to the topic.