this is great example of the inflation aspect when compared to the iPhone, however you need to look through the many lenses to see what and where the iPhone 16e sits and why it may or may not be over priced for the market.
first it is the budget or "value" phone, you don't need all the bells and whistles, this model is usually targeted at kids or fist adopters to the apple eco-system, the SE was perfect for this, some $200 cheaper than the 16e and was a great way to get people to use an iOS device for the first time. even better as they go through school they buy a Mac book air, watch etc...
however, the SE phone always has low adoption figures because it is basic, but that should be fine as you can upgrade to the regular iPhone next time around, the hook so to speak to get you in. but because of these lower figures it has a lower return for apple, it will cost almost as much to develop as any other device in the line, but with the lower sales volumes ends up costing apple more. two options, make them closer to the regular iPhone to get cost benefits for greater volumes of common components and charge more because you have made it that much better than the predecessor.
so challenge for Apple, make it better with a lower cost to manufacture and feature rich to justify the price hike compared to the previous version, or stick to the market needs for a cheap low cost phone and have a potential loss-leader to bring in the newbies, who next time round will be buying the regular phones, then the watch and Mac books etc... most companies need the loss-leaders to bring in the customer for the first time. this current move is a risky move no doubt, you lose the iPhone SE customer you may never win them as they will buy into another platforms eco-system. one study suggested a first time apple user will expand their collection of apple products within their first year of being a customer.
so in this case it looks like Apple went for the former, and added to the mix is the marketing messaging that its a cheaper alternative, when in reality for the market position where it resides its just had a price hike of $200 per unit, and consumers don't like being gaslit.
so in summary, it is a cheaper iPhone, but its a more expensive entry level phone compared to it predecessor, how expensive for apple it will end up being... well we will have to wait and see when they start to publish the sales volumes.