The XEON Apple is using (W-3275M) has a stated TDP of 205 W. The Threadrippers are 280 Watt. It's really not that much more. The cooling solution Apple is already providing could handle 350-400 Watt I'd say.
But also Intel's TDP's are based on their maximum base clocks while AMD's are based on the maximum boost clocks. So you can't compare Intels 205 to AMD's 280 directly. It's likely they're around the same (10-15 Watt difference) in the real-world.
As others have said in the thread though these two chips aren't really pitted against each other in the market. The XEON's with 1.5TB of RAM addressable are more comparable to AMD EPYC's which have 225 Watt TDP's and address 2TB of RAM.
The Threadripper chips with 256GB RAM ceilings do make them a bit of a niche of a niche because if you need 32-64 cores (which Threadripper now offers with the 3990X) you likely also need more than 256GB of RAM unless you're doing something very little people do even within these niche fields already suited to a Mac Pro spec'd computer.
I think AMD mostly just released the 3990X to have a halo product for enthusiasts. And I say that as someone that really likes what they're doing generally. It was about time Intel had some competition. But yeah for me 256GB of RAM on a 64 Core CPU is just not enough. Should have been 768GB-1.5TB somewhere between those I think. Maybe 256GB for the 32-Core, 512GB on the 48 Core and 1TB on the 64 Core but alas they didn't do that.
The higher clocked EPYC's we're expecting them to launch into the workstation category will likely retain the high PCIe lane counts and RAM address capability though, but this is just guessing as we don't have those products yet and the Mac Pro is here today already.
Please have in mind that AMD and Intel measure TDP different. Intel measure at base clock and not turbo clock.