There's no practical difference (but congrats to the USB-IF for confusing naming)
Intel licensed the TB3 40Gbps protocol to the USB-IF.
USB4 isn't a souped-up version of USB 3, it is TB3 with some extra USB-related goodies (such as proper hubs, and tunneling of the old USB2/3 protocols over added.
TB4 is just an Intel certification & branding scheme for USB4 devices that requires some
optional USB4 features to be implemented as standard.
USB4v2 added PCIe4 and the 80Gbps mode (but made the latter optional)
TB5 is, likewise, just an Intel certification & branding scheme for USB4v2 with some of the optional features (like the 80Gbos mode) made compulsory.
First, that test was for a Samsung 980, which is a PCIe 3.0 SSD
and caps out at 3500 MB/s anyway.
Second, there are two models of the dock - one with two M.2 slots with 2 lanes each and another with a single 4-lane slot. They don't say which model that test was from, but the 2-slot version is only going to give half the bandwidth of each drive.