Hello,
I have quite a similar problem, i have a gtx980 plugged on my mid 2010 mac pro, that i used to replaced my old 5870 from ATI (card i don't have anymore)
I recently bought an SSD on which i wanted to install Yosemite. I downloaded the installer from the Apple store and when it came to complete the installation, it asks you to restart your computer. I followed the instruction and restarted my computer.
I precised that everything used to work fine my graphic card was being detected by Yosemite.
Problems begins : As i don't have a "mac edition" graphic card i got stuck on a black screen, because i don't have the boot screen anymore, and the installation have never been completed, moreover i could not simply start my computer on my normal hardrive where i have my os operating system installed.
Firstly i reset the PRAM, but it kept restarting infinetly.
Ive been looking for an answer on another forum and one person told me to start my mac pro in target disk mode and use another computer to install a copy of Yosemite on the SSD i orginally wanted to install the operating system.
I indeed used my old mac book pro as a host to run my mac pro as a target in order to install Yosemite on my SSD, which worked fine. Then i installed the nvidia web drivers for mac os 10.10.5
So i tried to normally run my mac pro with the new copy of Yosemite, but the same thing happenned : back screen, fan spin for 30 secs and nothing being found on my monitor.
I tried to use my original hard drive as the starting system, bootcamp, i aslo plugged out the SSD i installed the new copy of Yosemite on, still nothing is happenning.
Do you have any idea on how to slove this problem? I'm quite desperate on this situation.
Also sorry for my bad english, im a non native english speaker.