Apple has, astonishingly, maintained the old Moore's Law cadence in the top MacBook Pro chip from i9 to M3 Max. They went:
Core i9 - M1 Max (doubling performance) - M2 Max (15% improvement) - M3 Max (50%+ improvement). An M3 Max has raw CPU performance roughly 350% of the last Core i9 MBP (while cutting power consumption in half)...
If the M3 Ultra is what we're expecting, they'll have maintained a similar cadence in mid-level pro desktops, starting from a late generation i9 iMac. It would take a miracle (in the form of an M(N) Extreme) to put the Mac Pro on that cadence.
They had a complete architecture shift in there, of course, but 350% in almost exactly four years has been unheard of since the late 1990s or early 2000s.
Can they keep it up? Almost certainly not - because nobody has been able to in twenty years. GPU performance has come closer than CPU performance. At best, Apple will manage to improve the M-series chips at a GPU-like rate of 15-20% annually, while Intel and AMD are stuck at 5-10% (with occasional partial architecture shifts like Bulldozer to Zen yielding better results).
Even if they "only" do that, they'll keep pulling away. Intel and AMD will have to abandon x86 to come close (and the legacy Windows house of cards will fall). If the new Qualcomm chips are where they're saying they are on the power/efficiency curve, and they scale like Apple Silicon, the x86 (and derivatives) architecture may be in trouble, or it may have such a legacy that it stays around, despite being increasingly slower than the competition. One HUGE advantage that Apple has is that their OS seems to be relatively architecture-agnostic, while Windows is tightly bound to x86.
MacOS has gone from 680x0 (pre OS X, but also NeXTStep, the foundation of OS X) - PowerPC (both classic and OS X) - x86 - Apple Silicon in 40 years. Windows (and DOS before it) has fundamentally been x86-bound that whole time. If Apple needs another architecture shift in 10 years, they can do it. I'm not at all sure Windows can (Windows on ARM notwithstanding)...