I'm not versed in statistics, so bear with me.. I hope to learn something. As to your first point, which subset of the group was used in the article? Does the author use a subset that supports a particular agenda? Did the author also take into account use cases? Subject ages? Content creation? Education level? These are some of the things that I feel many people don't think about when seeing the results of a poll/study. Can you see how easy it is to skew the results, or choose a flashy title that grabs your attention, of a poll/study to steer society?• There's such a thing as statistical significance in polling. Only a subset of a group is needed for a good idea of a statistic within the larger group.
• Do you recall reading the short overview about your device information when using an Apple ID? https://www.apple.com/legal/privacy/data/en/apple-id/
I once saw a study that pointed to sugar being the cause of obesity. It turned out that the subjects of the study were all overweight and out of shape. Well, if you're going to poll overweight couch potatoes then it would appear that sugar causes obesity. However, if you poll athletes and ask if they eat sugary foods then it would appear that sugar isn't the cause of obesity as those people are in much better physical shape. I know weightlifters and runners who eat gummy bears, which are mostly sugar, yet those people aren't obese.
When a study/poll is done what we need to know is the subjects ages, use cases, education levels, habits, etc. for the study/poll. Otherwise one can create results to mean anything they want by choosing subjects or subsets for a study that support an agenda. I have a housemate who has an iPad 10th gen and it has replaced her MacBook Air M1 - this was why she sold her MBA to me.. I don't like iPadOS. If you polled myself and my housemate then you would come to the conclusion that iPadOS may or may not be able to replace macOS. If you used just my housemate as a subset of the group then you could say iPadOS can indeed replace macOS.
I hope I am making sense here, please forgive my errors if that is not the case. Perhaps I am thinking too critically?