Apple Mail from 2019 macOS Catalina still receives/sends email as before.I don't know exactly what you do with your computer but for most people even if they do the same thing it's not the same thing. For example browsing the internet isn't the same in 2023 as it was in 2013. Editing videos back then were probably 1080P but now most at 4k. If you update your apps or games they are likely use more resources based on the developer's expectation of people using newer hardware. I honestly do the same thing today as I did with my PC back in 1998 but that computer couldn't do any tasks for me today.
I tell people base your upgrade on if you're happy how it's working. If browsing the web is painfully slow and you have to go for coffee after you open a Word doc then it's probably time for a new computer or at least check to see what's going on. If it seems normal and everything is working fine then maybe not.
Speed is sometimes based on what you're used to though so I don't recommend trying a newer computer because you might feel like your current one is too slow. When I switch between my MacBook Air and my gaming PC for tasks like watching YouTube or opening a document I can tell the difference. Even though it's less than two years old (Intel i7-11700K) it's slightly slower. It's not enough to bother me but I notice it. If I was coming from a 5+ year old PC switching back and forth, it would bother me.
2012 Core i7 22nm with macOS Catalina can still run the latest copy of Firefox or even Chrome. You just need to max out RAM at 32GB for Chrome to allow an extra tab.
macOS Catalina's Safari still functions with Prime Video and Netflix.
Other than my iPhone I do not have any camera that records 4K video.
My last Canon EOS body was the 2015 5Ds R 51 megapixel. It ran fine with a 2012 Core i7 and I expect to be ably handled by even a 3nm A17 Bionic chip from a future iPhone.
For games... isn't that the domain of Xbox, PS & Nintendo? macOS is the last platform any gamer would play games on as the library for Apple silicon native titles are a dozen at most? I still play 1991 games on DOS Box and I expect even my AirPods can run it without a sweat.
Your PC in 1998 can handle any browser in the past half decade? Would it read current websites and render them properly with the timeframe of a yawn? That's why I posted previously that I put schedule on replacement cycle after the final macOS/Windows Security Update as at 10yo it's time to move to that year's release for the purpose of data privacy and preventive maintenance.
Based on my use case 10 years is fine but for people that do multiple streams of 8K HDR video editing and demand to run Mathematica at the same time then get a Mac Studio M1 Ultra with all the trimmings.
Per Apple they expect macOS devices to be replaced every 4 years
Per Intel they expect Windows devices to be replaced every 5-6 years
Per my use case I do so after final Security Update as my use case has not changed since 2015.
If I were to buy a 2022 FujiFilm GFX 100s 100 megapixel medium format camera body then I'd pair it with a Mac with a M2 chip or better.
It's use case. ;-) Life is not just about the Apple ecosystem.
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