To Google's credit had they not decided "to take the bull by the horns" with regards to GSMA's RCS Messaging protocol what we are seeing today would have never happened and we'd all be stuck with SMS/MMS for who knows how long. Sure Google providing the backend service for RCS when the carriers wouldn't did allow them to be lazy and not properly implement it, but it pushed the protocol into the mainstream. Once Google Jibe had a robust GSMA certified server in place it was easy to go to them and offer an RCS backend for the carriers at the fraction of the cost of doing it themselves. Carriers can set up their own hosting still, but I don't know why they would with Jibe.So this is the current situation:
Apple does not provide their own Jibe Service equivalent, they require operators to provide the RCS service endpoints (as defined in the spec), just like they do with e.g. MMS.
Years ago Google did the same, but carriers in the US were very slow to spin up Universal Profile / interconnected RCS hubs so they started providing a generic Jibe fallback as part of Google Messages (e.g. if your carrier has no RCS support, they take over and throw you on Jibe so every single Google Messages user gets access to RCS, no matter which carrier. If your carrier supports RCS, the Google Messages app uses that first and foremost).
This kind of killed all chances at RCS being properly implemented at the carrier level, because Google ate their cake with their generic fallback method which enabled carriers to be lazy (no real money in RCS, so slow adoption and eventually most carriers just gave up). Some carriers, namely the big 3 in the US, did at least partner with Jibe and provide endpoints that essentially forward traffic to the Jibe Service (so they have a RCS endpoints that does nothing except link to Jibe, zero requirement on their end).
Maybe it slowed the proper adoption at carrier level because if they wouldn't do it Google would just go around them, but now Jibe has a service set up for them to do a proper adoption. How that works for all carriers remains to be seen, but it should lead to the vast majority of people whether on Android or iOS that still use carrier based texting to be sending RCS messages by the end of this year. Google should get some credit for getting that done.