Given the performance delta alone between Intel-based Macs and Apple Silicon Macs, the issues you're describing seem to be related to the older hardware in your machine rather than anything legitimately OS-related. You're talking about 8th/9th generation Intel CPUs coupled with either an AMD Radeon 5300m or 5500m GPU, none of which would even approach the middle of current benchmark charts. At least Apple hasn't pulled a Microsoft and deliberately made the latest OS incompatible with thousands upon thousands of PCs simply because they lack a TPM.
I'm suspicious of that conclusion. I run a 2018 MacBook Pro. Most of the time a spend in virtual machines and some development activities. I don't have performance issues with Sonoma.