Thanks guys.
We live in Texas where it's often very hot. We jump in the car, it's 100° F outside, the inside is probably 120°, my wife sees that I have the temp set at 78°F which would be a bit warm under normal circumstances and complains. I try to explain to her that it's so hot outside, the AC has to blow constantly to cool off the car and hold or try to hold this temp, which means it's always blowing cold air on us. I tend to believe that in the beginning, getting into a boiling hot car, it does not matter, full cold air will blow, but later after the car has an opportunity to cool down, at the higher temp setting, that the AC will get a chance to cut back a little.
Ugh, I could never survive in that heat. I hope it's at least dry heat! I'm not sure if you're explaining your previous thinking, misread what I wrote, or I'm misreading you, but I'll clarify...
The air conditioning is either on or off in the car. There is no variation in energy consumption between temperatures when it's on. The compressor runs at one level- cold. Warmer air is blended to achieve higher than the coldest temperatures when desired. As long the AC is activated, any interior temperature will use the same amount of energy.
If it's 100 outside and you have the interior temp set to 78, the air conditioning mode will be always be on unless you manually turn it off. Once the desired 78 is reached after the initial cool blast, the (same amount and temperate) cold air produced will blend with an appropriate amount of warm exterior air to continue blowing 78 degree air. If once the car reached 78 degrees and the a/c shut off, it would immediately start blowing 100 degree air inside again. There is essentially no reservoir of cold air stored.
So on a 100 degree day, whether you're set at 78 degrees, 70 degrees, or the lowest setting, you're a/c compressor is still using the same amount of energy. With such a substantial temperature difference (22 degrees), the AC will always be on. As I mentioned earlier, if the AC is on it will always consume the same amount of energy… even if you had the heat and AC on. The blower fans are electric and the energy consumption is negligible considering how much unused energy an engine produces.
BUT… Once you're at around the point of equilibrium, then you might run into unnecessary AC use. Let's say it's a nice temperature- 72 degrees outside. You set your interior temperature to 72 degrees. Depending on how sophisticated and tolerant your system is (some systems are much better than other), it might hunt around that 72 mark, AC on, AC off, AC on, AC off. In this case you'd be better off turning off the AC entirely and just using the blowers. But that's common sense.
It would be interesting if they used variable speed compressors to improve efficiency. I suspect in a gas/diesel vehicle the difference would be negligible and require an excess amount of engineering. In an electric vehicle, it might be a way of conserving a limited amount of energy.
Edit: It does appear some cars have "variable displacement compressors" that do alter the amount of energy they consume. I'm not sure realistically how much of a difference this creates, but in that sense if your car has one, then your theory is correct.