Your test used a port that is connected to the VL822 hub chip. I think you might get slightly higher speed using the port that is not connected to the hub.After buying several cheap cards and returning them because they doesn't support at least 2 drives at same time (they disconnect and reconnect every 1~2 seconds) I purchased the Inateck KU5211 and here are the results with a USB 3.0 to SATA adapter on a SanDisk SSD drive:
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and no Bluetooth interferences, at least with my QC 35 Bose Headphones.
Previously cards show max speed of 345 MB/s
I ordered a USB 3.1 SATA Dock station, will report if speed increases
USB 3.0 should be able to go as high as 456/464 MB/s (read/write) (those numbers are from a test using the USB 3.0 port of a Macmini8,1 with a USB 10 Gbps to NVMe enclosure - a USB 3.0 to SATA adapter may be limited by the SATA connection even though SATA can do 550 MB/s).
I expect a USB 10 Gbps to SATA enclosure to get you closer to 550 MB/s.
The ASM3142 of the KU5211 will be limited by PCIe 2.0 x2 (if you're using a MacPro5,1) which is 8 Gbps (≈822/727 MB/s R/W) instead of 10 Gbps (≈1040/1040 MB/s R/W).
In your screenshot is a 0x2822 USB 2.0 hub which I assume is the USB 2.0 part of the VL822 hub (0x0822). But what is the 0x2811? Did you have something else connected to the card? If not, then maybe an ioreg dump (starting from the XHCI device) might help. Also a closeup picture of the card would be nice (to identify the chips).