Thanks SS. Interestingly enough, I first read a passage from this book while taking practice tests for the MCAT (med school admissions test). I found reading about different styles of art pretty interesting, so I looked up the bibliography of one of the passages and voila, this was the book the passage was taken from.
As for favorites styles, I see it two ways: one as a viewer, and one as an artist (if I was an artist). As for viewing, I feel like post-impressionism or fauvism styles stand out to me. The former is interesting because it was a soft revolt from Impressionism, which in turn was a revolt from the previous style. But, based on my views (admittedly a small number) of post-impressionist art work, they do still retain some technical features from Impressionist paintings, they just seem more "tidied up". I like Fauvism as a viewer as well because their use of bright colors really sticks out, and I think that this dynamic can be seen when I buy a computer monitor or TV. Bright colors have always stuck out, and most people like them.
If I were an artist, however, my favorite style of painting to practice myself would definitely be Impressionism. To me, art is more than just technicality of brush strokes, or color dynamics (or notes on a musical instrument) and a lot about emotion+feeling. Impressionists, from what I recall, disregarded academics of the time, and used a short brush style stroke to capture momentary effects. Doing that by hand, I think is really cool and ingenious for the time. This also gave the paintings a style of focusing on big picture and visual effects rather than detail. I think some people have said that impressionist paintings were like a new way of seeing, and that really interests me as someone who tries to view science as an art form as well.