There were at least three or four utilities one could use to create bootable external clones of one's operating system in HFS, whereas there's only one that half-ass works with APFS.
R i d i c u l o u s !
CCC never has any problem making bootable clones neither with HFS+, nor with APFS on Mojave.
Now name a
second utility that can make a bootable backup of an APFS OS from Catalina onward.
(See the "single source dependency" problem for an overview of the issue that I am highlighting here.)
The problem you are addressing comes with newer mocOS versions and their system partitions, not with APFS.
And there it had to struggle with Apple's restrictions.
No blip. What do you think I'vebeen grousing about in these threads?
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
No *business* that cares about, say, the redundant security of being to deploy particular configuration to its machines via "sneakernet" (i.e., manual cloning from external "master" physical backups) in the event anything ever happens to its network, will ever use the newer Apple machines sans a good deal of trepidation, and not at all if it refrains from having a network for whatever reason.
In short, Apple is abandoning its prior end-users in deference to its
new "customers": the shadowy intelligence patrons that control "evil big tech" now, which are pursuing their own agendas of escalating dependency: They want you on their "cloud" 24/7, and for you to have little to no control over "your" computer. <insert meme of Neo waking up in The Matrix, and all the rows of pods have Apple logos>